Abstract: An exhaust device for an internal combustion engine includes an exhaust manifold including branch pipe portions respectively connected to cylinders of the internal combustion engine in which exhaust strokes are executed at different timings, and a collecting pipe portion to which the branch pipe portions are collected and connected at a downstream side of the branch pipe portions, a catalyst provided at a downstream side of the collecting pipe portion in the exhaust manifold, an exhaust pipe provided at a downstream side of the catalyst, a sensor detecting a state of exhaust gas and provided in the exhaust pipe, and a connecting wall portion connecting the catalyst and the exhaust pipe and extending in a different direction with respect to a first central axis of the catalyst along a flow direction of the exhaust gas.

Abstract: This invention presents a range finding device when 1st and 2nd detection images of an object are scanned by signal storing type image sensing means to obtain image scan signals, which are quantized by quantization means to produce quantized image data for said 1st and 2nd detection images. On the basis of the thus obtained quantized image data, the location within the 2nd detection images of one set of M successive elements of the 2nd detection image which is most similar to M successive elements of the 1st detection image is detected, and with the aid of the data of this location, the distance between the device and the object is determined. According to this improved device, sequence control means, which controls a series of operations for range finding, will firstly cancel the signals stored in said image sensing means as unnecessary signals, when said series of operations is initiated, and then enables proper storing of image signals in the image sensing means so as to properly control the device.

Abstract: This invention presents a range finding device when 1st and 2nd detection images of an object are scanned by signal storing type image sensing means to obtain image scan signals, which are quantized by quantization means to produce quantized image data for said 1st and 2nd detection images. On the basis of the thus obtained quantized image data, the location within the 2nd detection images of one set of M successive elements of the 2nd detection image which is most similar to M successive elements of the 1st detection image is detected, and with the aid of the data of this location, the distance between the device and the object is determined. According to this improved device, sequence control means, which controls a series of operations for range finding, will firstly cancel the signals stored in said image sensing means as unnecessary signals, when said series of operations is initiated, and then enables proper storing of image signals in the image sensing means so as to properly control the device.

Abstract: This specification discloses an image scanning system in which an object image formed by an optical system is electrically scanned by utilization of a photosensor array device and the image scanning output then obtained is quantized to thereby provide quantized image data. According to the improvement of the present invention, there are obtained two different quantized image data, namely, first quatized image data quantized by a voltage level determined on the basis of the image scanning output from the sensor device and second quantized image data quantized by a predetermined fixed voltage level.

Abstract: A so-called active-type focus detection device applicable to optical instruments such as camera is provided with light emitting means and photoelectric detector means disposed at two positions conjugate with the pre-arranged focal plane of an image-forming optical system whose focus adjusted condition is to be detected or two positions optically equivalent to the two conjugate positions, and the light emitted from the light emitting means is projected toward an object to which the camera is to be focused, through the image-forming optical system. The light then reflected by the object is received by the photoelectric detector means through the image-forming optical system and the focused condition of the image-forming optical system with respect to the object is detected in accordance with the electrical output of the photoelectric detector means.

Abstract: A focus detecting device which performs focus detection in such a manner that an image of an object formed through an image forming lens is received by an array of many electric charge storing type photo-sensors and, under such a condition, the image is electrically scanned by extracting, in a time serial manner, the output of each photo-sensor, and then the sharpness of the image is detected from a scanning output thus obtained; or that two images of the object which are formed through a range-finding optical system with an apparent parallax corresponding to distance to the object are received by different arrays of such photo-sensors respectively and, under such a condition, the two images are electrically scanned separately from each other by extracting, in a time serial manner, the output of each of the photo-sensors and scanning outputs thus obtained are compared with each other to detect the relative parallax of the two images.

Abstract: An optical sensor device for use in optical instruments is disclosed. The optical sensor device is provided with an optical sensing region having at least one sensor element responsive to incident light for producing a charge, first and second charge storing regions each having the same number of charge storage elements as that of said sensor elements for accumulating the charges produced from said sensor elements, a first gate region for controlling the transfer of charge from said optical sensing region to said first charge storing region, and a second gate region for controlling the transfer of charges from the optical sensing region to the second charge storing region. Upon alternate application of a voltage to said first and second gate regions, the charges produced from said optical sensing region are alternately accumulated on said first and second charge storing regions.

Abstract: This invention presents a range finding device when 1st and 2nd detection images of an object are scanned by signal storing type image sensing means to obtain image scan signals, which are quantized by quantization means to produce quantized image data for said 1st and 2nd detection images. On the basis of the thus obtained quantized image data, the location within the 2nd detection images of one set of M successive elements of the 2nd detection image which is most similar to M successive elements of the 1st detection image is detected, and with the aid of the data of this location, the distance between the device and the object is determined. According to this improved device, sequence control means, which controls a series of operations for range finding, will firstly cancel the signals stored in said image sensing means as unnecessary signals, when said series of operations is initiated, and then enables proper storing of image signals in the image sensing means so as to properly control the device.

Abstract: A photo-sensor device comprises a light receiving part composed of a plurality of photo-sensor elements for converting photosignals into electrical signals. A portion of the light receiving part is shielded by light shielding means so that in reading out the output from the device, there can be obtained also a signal of dark current information from the shielded photo-sensor elements.

Abstract: This specification discloses an image scanning system in which an object image formed by an optical system is electrically scanned by utilization of a photosensor array device and the image scanning output then obtained is quantized to thereby provide quantized image data. According to the improvement of the present invention, there are obtained two different quantized image data, namely, first quantized image data quantized by a voltage level determined on the basis of the image scanning output from the sensor device and second quantized image data quantized by a predetermined fixed voltage level.

Abstract: A distance measuring device is disclosed. This device has light projecting means. Light is projected from this projecting means to a target, and the concurrently reflected light from the target is received by photoelectric light receiving means which is provided with a plurality of photosensitive elements independent of each other and arranged in such predetermined distances from the above described light projecting means as to correspond to individual object distances different from each other. From the concurrent state of output of said photoelectric light receiving means there can be detected a distance to the above described target.

Abstract: This invention relates to a device for focus detection or distance detection in which one or more images of a target formed by an optical system are received by photoelectric light receiving means to obtain a photoelectric output regarding the imaging condition of the image of the target and this photoelectric output is electrically processed through a processing circuit to thereby provide an electrical output representing the focus adjusted condition of the optical system with respect to the target or the distance to the target.

Abstract: A range detecting method and apparatus of a construction, in which first and second images of an object to be formed by a range finding optical system with a relative positional parallax corresponding to the object distance are scanned purely electrically by the use of one or more photo-sensor arrays, then analog image element signals concerning these first and second images obtained at this time are sequentially converted into two-value signals, after which the two-value signals are stored, as inputs, in first and second digital storing device where the coincidence and non-coincidence of these digital image scanning signals stored in these first and second storing devices are detected by means of a coincidence detecting device, while one of these image scanning signals are relatively shifted bit by bit with respect to other image scanning signals, and the shift bit quantities required until the digital image scanning signals of the same bit numbers concerning these first and second images may become optimuml

Abstract: A range detecting method and apparatus in which a first and a second image of an object each having a relative positional parallax corresponding to the object distance formed by a range finding optical system are purely electrically scanned by the use of one or more photosensor arrays and the resulting image scan signals in analog form relating to the first and second images are applied to first and second analog storing devices for storage therein, in which coincidence or non-coincidence between the analog image scan signals is detected by coincidence detecting drive while one of these image scan signals is shifted bit by bit relative to the other image scan signal, thereby counting an amount of shift bits required until the image scan signals of the same bit number relating to the first and second images are rendered most appropriately coincident with each other, whereby the object distance may be known from such amount of shift bits.