Abstract: Various aspects of solid oxide fuel cell (SOFC) technology are described. One specific application includes a seal for connecting an outer surface of a fuel cell to a cell manifold that supports the fuel cell and delivers a fuel mixture to an inside portion of the fuel cell. The seal also separates the fuel mixture from the outer surface at the seal. And the seal is electrically conductive to allow flow of electric current between the outer surface and the cell manifold.

Abstract: A system and method for electrically interconnecting a plurality of fuel cells to provide dense packing of the fuel cells. Each one of a plurality of fuel cells has a plurality of discrete electrical connection points along an outer surface. Electrical connections are made directly between the discrete electrical connection points of adjacent fuel cells so that the fuel cells can be packed more densely. Fuel cells have at least one outer electrode and at least one discrete interconnection to an inner electrode, wherein the outer electrode is one of a cathode and an anode and wherein the inner electrode is the other of the cathode and the anode. In tubular solid oxide fuel cells the discrete electrical connection points are spaced along the length of the fuel cell.

Abstract: Various aspects of solid oxide fuel cell (SOFC) technology are described. One specific application includes a seal for connecting an outer surface of a fuel cell to a cell manifold that supports the fuel cell and delivers a fuel mixture to an inside portion of the fuel cell. The seal also separates the fuel mixture from the outer surface at the seal. And the seal is electrically conductive to allow flow of electric current between the outer surface and the cell manifold.

Abstract: A tubular fuel cell (10) contains an air electrode (24), an electrolyte (20), and a fuel electrode (12) where an interlayer material (22) is disposed between the air electrode and the electrolyte, the interlayer (22) containing a two-phase particle mixture, where the particles have a size range from 0.5-5 micrometers, but where at least 50 wt % of the particles are less than 3 micrometers and where the interlayer (22) is from 15-40 micrometers thick and from 5-50% porous.

Abstract: An electrochemical cell is made having a porous fuel electrode (16) and a porous air electrode (13), with solid oxide electrolyte (15) therebetween, where the air electrode surface opposing the electrolyte has a separate, attached, dense, continuous layer (14) of a material containing cerium oxide, and where electrolyte (16) contacts the continuous oxide layer (14), without contacting the air electrode (13).

Abstract: A rotary centrifuge has a bowl and an end member provided with mutually attachable flanges at least one of which has a series of plugs secured in transverse cavities near its periphery with a portion of the plugs less than their full width protruding from the flange periphery through slots communicating with the cavities at regular intervals spaced peripherally less than 15 inches between slot center lines. At least the protruding plug portions have a resistance to abrasive wear approximately equal to or greater than that of 90% aluminum oxide ceramic.