Abstract: The invention relates to improvements and the formation of magnetrons for use in sputter depositing material from a targeted material mounted therein. The improvement allows contamination of the target to be reduced in comparison to those of conventional magnetrons, arcing of the magnetron to be reduced, and the deficiency and quality of the coating process and target utilization to be enhanced by providing an array of magnets around the periphery of the target in addition to a first array of magnets to the rear of the target, thus causing the effect of the magnetic field on the target to be substantially uniform.

Abstract: A system for initiating the operation of a cryogenic pump wherein the suction line to the cryogenic pump and the cryogenic pump itself are brought to the proper cooldown temperature sequentially using separate temperature-based control schemes.

Abstract: A liquid cryogen delivery system for providing liquid cryogen to a use point, such as a freezer, at a constant temperature employing a subcooler for use disposed between the cryogen source and use point wherein expanding fluid flows countercurrently and annularly to the cryogen in a controlled manner responsive to pressure differences between the liquid and a reference pressure.

Abstract: A cryogenic liquid vaporizer system 10 comprising an outer tube 22 for exposure to the atmosphere and enclosing an inner tube 16 to form an annulus 36. The fluid enters the inner tube 16 as liquid, flows in the inner tube 16 where it is at least partially vaporized, and discharges into the outer tube 22. In one embodiment the fluid discharges near the end 34 of the outer tube 22 and counterflow in the annulus 36 where it is usually completely vaporized and partially superheated. In another embodiment, the fluid discharges into the outer tube 22 and continues to flow in the longitudinal space 38 provided by the length of outer tube 22. The annulus 36 is occupied by quiescent fluid.

Abstract: A cryogenic pilot valve comprising a thermal sensing element of two disparate thermal expansion materials on an actuator body joined to a control fixture having an integral valve wherein the actuator body and the control fixture are rigidly joined by loaded threads which simultaneously serve as the calibration set point device.

Abstract: System and method for controlling process fluid flow to maintain a set delivery pressure at varying demand, including a fluid-loaded, self-operated main regulator and a method for providing the loading pressure therefor. The system also includes a flow restrictor for metering the loading fluid flow, a back-pressure regulator for controlling the loading fluid pressure, and a temperature-actuated regulator for venting loading fluid when the process fluid temperature varies from a selected range.

Abstract: Method of decoking furnace tubes using a turbulent stream of impact resistant, particle-enriched gas. Non-angular, non-abrasive particles are entrained at a concentration of about 0.1 to about 10 pounds per pound of gas, and the gas is introduced into the inlet end of the furnace tubes at a gas flow rate corresponding to an outlet gas velocity of from about 5,000 feet per minute up to sonic velocity of said gas, preferably at an outlet gas velocity of about 14,000 to 40,000 feet per minute.

Abstract: Method of decoking furnace tubes of serpentine configuration using a turbulent stream of impact resistant, non-angular, non-abrasive particles entrained in a gas stream. The particles are entrained at a concentration of 0.1 to 1.0 pounds per pound of gas and the gas is introduced into the inlet end of the furnace tubes at a gas flow rate corresponding to an outlet gas velocity of 14,000 to 20,000 feet per minute.