Abstract: An electro-optic modulator is disclosed. The electro-optic modulator includes a modulator material film layer. The modulator material film layer includes a polymer matrix. Liquid crystals and getter molecules are dispersed within the polymer matrix. The liquid crystals are configured to modulate light transmissivity through the electro-optic modulator. The getter molecules capture or coordinate with cationic impurities present within the polymer matrix. By gettering the cationic impurities, switching of the device at modulated low frequencies are improved as well as a reduction on the switching voltage of the device. Three classes of getter molecules have been so far demonstrated to work: inorganic ion traps (dihydrogen ammonium phosphate), organic cation traps (EDTA), and organic ion extractors (nicotinic acid). An amount for the getter molecules may be 0.01 to 1.0 percent by weight of the polymer matrix.

Abstract: A method comprises depositing an organic material on a substrate; depositing additional material different from the organic material after depositing the organic material; and removing the organic material with a compressed fluid. Also disclosed is a method comprising: providing an organic layer on a substrate; after providing the organic layer, providing one or more layers of a material different than the organic material of the organic layer; removing the organic layer with a compressed fluid; and providing an anti-stiction agent with a compressed fluid to material remaining after removal of the organic layer.

Abstract: An adhesion promoter for adhering a coating of a polymer, metal, metal oxide or fluorinated derivative thereof to an electrical or opto-electronic surface. The adhesion promoter is a hybrid organic-inorganic material which, in a preferred embodiment, includes silicon in the inorganic material.

Abstract: A method comprises depositing an organic material on a substrate; depositing additional material different from the organic material after depositing the organic material; and removing the organic material with a compressed fluid. Also disclosed is a method comprising: providing an organic layer on a substrate; after providing the organic layer, providing one or more layers of a material different than the organic material of the organic layer; removing the organic layer with a compressed fluid; and providing an anti-stiction agent with a compressed fluid to material remaining after removal of the organic layer.

Abstract: organic materials, such as organic polymer resist layers, are removed from substrates by contacting the materials with a mixture consisting essentially of an alkali metal persulfate and concentrated (96%) sulfuric acid wherein the mixture contains from above about 13 to about 50 grams of alkali metal persulfate per 100 milliliters of sulfuric acid.