Abstract: Combined treatment for cancer is provided. Accordingly, there is provided a method of selecting or determining therapeutic efficacy of a combination of agents for the treatment of cancer in a subject in need thereof, the method comprising: (i) culturing a cancerous tissue of the subject in an ex-vivo organ culture (EVOC) in the presence of a combination of an anti-cancer agent and an additional agent, said additional agent is inhibiting expression and/or activity of a target conferring innate resistance to said anti-cancer agent or increasing expression and/or activity of a target conferring innate sensitivity to said anti-cancer agent; and (ii) determining an anti-cancer effect of the combination on the tissue, wherein responsiveness of the tissue to the combination indicates the combination is efficacious for the treatment of the cancer in the subject.

Abstract: A vaccine comprising a pharmaceutically acceptable carrier and bacteria which presents at least one cancer-associated antigen is disclosed. The bacteria are not genetically modified to express the at least one cancer-associated antigen. Uses thereof are also disclosed.

Abstract: A vaccine comprising tumor-homing bacteria which are genetically modified to express at least one cancer-associated antigen and a pharmaceutically acceptable carrier is disclosed. Uses thereof are also disclosed.