Abstract: An air guiding device of a motor vehicle body of a motor vehicle includes a slat assembly. The slat assembly possesses at least two slats which are arranged in a frame of the air guiding device in a manner which permits them to rotate around their rotational axis. To avoid deformation of the slat assembly, the slat assembly includes at least one support element, which extends along the rotational axis.

Abstract: Various aspects of the present disclosure are directed to energy accumulator emulators. In one embodiment, an energy accumulator emulator is disclosed including a DC-to-DC converter having a number of power switches, a control unit that calculates a reference current from electrical variables of the DC-to-DC converter, and a battery model connected to the control unit. The battery model receives and processes the reference current and communicates a referenced voltage to the control unit. The control unit includes a voltage controller that processes the reference voltage and controls a current, on the basis of which the control unit controls the power switches via switching pulses to control an output voltage. The energy accumulator emulator further includes a PPPC unit that is connected to the voltage controller. The PPPC unit provides a number of pulse patterns, selects a pulse pattern, and controls the power switches according to the selected pulse pattern.

Abstract: Various aspects of the present disclosure are directed to energy accumulator emulators. In one embodiment, an energy accumulator emulator is disclosed including a DC-to-DC converter having a number of power switches, a control unit that calculates a reference current from electrical variables of the DC-to-DC converter, and a battery model connected to the control unit. The battery model receives and processes the reference current and communicates a referenced voltage to the control unit. The control unit includes a voltage controller that processes the reference voltage and controls a current, on the basis of which the control unit controls the power switches via switching pulses to control an output voltage. The energy accumulator emulator further includes a PPPC unit that is connected to the voltage controller. The PPPC unit provides a number of pulse patterns, selects a pulse pattern, and controls the power switches according to the selected pulse pattern.

Abstract: In order to achieve sufficiently stable output voltage with low losses even during rapid load changes in a battery emulator, a battery emulator is controlled using model-based control with a model of the battery emulator, wherein a line inductance of the electric line and the back-up capacitor is integrated into the model of the battery emulator.

Abstract: A multi-phase synchronous converter consisting of a plurality of half bridges which in turn consist of an upper power switch and a lower power switch, the converter being actuated by a pulse width modulation dependent on a predetermined pulse duty cycle in the range of zero to one hundred percent. The multi-phase synchronous converter generates an output current and is operated in a normal mode in which the power switches switch with a normal switching period defined by a predetermined normal switching frequency, and a normal pulse duration dependent on the actual pulse duty cycle. As soon as the pulse duty cycle exceeds an upper duty cycle threshold or falls below a lower duty cycle threshold, the multi-phase synchronous converter is switched from the normal mode into an operating mode in which at least one of the power switches of at least one half bridge is deactivated.

Abstract: A method for testing electrical energy storage systems for driving vehicles provides that the load current of the energy storage system traces by means of a control loop, if possible without delay, a reference current that varies over time according to predetermined test cycles. The control loop is created by means of a model-based controller design method in which a model of the impedance of the energy storage system is integrated in the model of the controlled system.

Abstract: For an easily implementable method for model predictive control of a DC/DC converter, and a corresponding controller, with which the optimization problem of the model predictive control can also be solved sufficiently quickly with large prediction horizons, the optimization problem is divided into two optimization problems by a model predictive output variable control and a model predictive choke current control being implemented in the control unit (10), wherein: the strands of the multiphase DC/DC converter (12) for the output variable control are combined into a single strand; a time-discrete state space model is produced therefrom; and the output variable control predicts the input voltage (uv,k+1) of the next sampling step (k+1) for this single strand on the basis of a first cost function (Jv) of the optimization problem of the output variable control, said input voltage being given to the choke current control as a setpoint and the choke current control determining therefrom the necessary switch positio

Abstract: In order to achieve sufficiently stable output voltage with low losses even during rapid load changes in a battery emulator, a battery emulator is controlled using model-based control with a model of the battery emulator, wherein a line inductance of the electric line and the back-up capacitor is integrated into the model of the battery emulator.

Abstract: A multi-phase synchronous converter consisting of a plurality of half bridges which in turn consist of an upper power switch and a lower power switch, the converter being actuated by a pulse width modulation dependent on a predetermined pulse duty cycle in the range of zero to one hundred percent. The multi-phase synchronous converter generates an output current and is operated in a normal mode in which the power switches switch with a normal switching period defined by a predetermined normal switching frequency, and a normal pulse duration dependent on the actual pulse duty cycle. As soon as the pulse duty cycle exceeds an upper duty cycle threshold or falls below a lower duty cycle threshold, the multi-phase synchronous converter is switched from the normal mode into an operating mode in which at least one of the power switches of at least one half bridge is deactivated.

Abstract: In a process for testing the powertrain of vehicles that are at least in part electrically driven, the voltage supplied to the powertrain is controlled by a controller coupled with a simulation system for the energy storage system in a way that the voltage acts dynamically as for a real energy storage system. The controller is designed with a model based controller design method, with a load model of the powertrain being used in the model of the controlled system.

Abstract: For an easily implementable method for model predictive control of a DC/DC converter, and a corresponding controller, with which the optimization problem of the model predictive control can also be solved sufficiently quickly with large prediction horizons, the optimization problem is divided into two optimization problems by a model predictive output variable control and a model predictive choke current control being implemented in the control unit (10), wherein: the strands of the multiphase DC/DC converter (12) for the output variable control are combined into a single strand; a time-discrete state space model is produced therefrom; and the output variable control predicts the input voltage (uv,k+1) of the next sampling step (k+1) for this single strand on the basis of a first cost function (Jv) of the optimization problem of the output variable control, said input voltage being given to the choke current control as a setpoint and the choke current control determining therefrom the necessary switch positio

Abstract: A method for monitoring and controlling a chassis pneumatic ride-height control system. Repeatedly measuring a current height of the chassis; detecting when the current height of the chassis exceeds at least one predefined height threshold. A time interval threshold is associated with the height threshold; repeatedly measuring a time interval in which the current height of the chassis exceeds the predefined height threshold; detecting when the measured lime interval exceeds the predefined time interval threshold associated with the predefined height threshold; repeatedly checking whether both the height threshold and the associated time interval threshold are exceeded, and if so, preventing the current height of the chassis from rising further and/or increasing stability of the chassis; deactivating the measures when the repeated check shows that the current height of the chassis is below the at least one height threshold and the associated time interval threshold.

Abstract: In a process for testing the powertrain of vehicles that are at least in part electrically driven, the voltage supplied to the powertrain is controlled by a controller coupled with a simulation system for the energy storage system in a way that the voltage acts dynamically as for a real energy storage system. The controller is designed with a model based controller design method, with a load model of the powertrain being used in the model of the controlled system.

Abstract: A method for testing electrical energy storage systems for driving vehicles provides that the load current of the energy storage system traces by means of a control loop, if possible without delay, a reference current that varies over time according to predetermined test cycles. The control loop is created by means of a model-based controller design method in which a model of the impedance of the energy storage system is integrated in the model of the controlled system.

Abstract: A method for monitoring and controlling a chassis pneumatic ride-height control system. Repeatedly measuring a current height of the chassis; detecting when the current height of the chassis exceeds at least one predefined height threshold. A time interval threshold is associated with the height threshold; repeatedly measuring a time interval in which the current height of the chassis exceeds the predefined height threshold; detecting when the measured lime interval exceeds the predefined time interval threshold associated with the predefined height threshold; repeatedly checking whether both the height threshold and the associated time interval threshold are exceeded, and if so, preventing the current height of the chassis from rising further and/or increasing stability of the chassis; deactivating the measures when the repeated check shows that the current height of the chassis is below the at least one height threshold and the associated time interval threshold.

Abstract: A method for operating a control unit for heat-sensitive actuators includes first disabling the control unit after a thermal loading, which is calculated on the basis of the computing model, of at least one actuator has reached a threshold.

Abstract: A method for operating a control unit for heat-sensitive actuators includes first disabling the control unit after a thermal loading, which is calculated on the basis of the computing model, of at least one actuator has reached a threshold.

Abstract: An automated page turner apparatus for turning the pages of a book either forwards or backwards under the control of a single-switch input. It comprises of a base for book support, a clutch based mechanism for lifting a page with an adhesive head, a shifting mechanism for flipping a page to the opposite side, and an electronic controller for receiving the user input. The lifting mechanism includes a four-bar system for creating a peeling action to separate the adhesive head from the lifted page.

Abstract: A level control system for a motor vehicle having a vehicle body includes a plurality of air springs which can be filled or discharged with pressurized air to control the level of the vehicle body. A first control apparatus controls the functions of filling and discharging the air springs in dependence upon the level of the vehicle body. A communications channel interconnects the first control apparatus to a second control apparatus. A switch triggers an additional function in the level control system and this switch is movable between a first switching state and a second switching state. The switch is connected to the second control apparatus and the second control apparatus functions to transmit a signal sequence via the communications channel to the first control apparatus when the switch is transferred from the first switching state into the second switching state. The first control apparatus operates to carry out the additional function when the first control apparatus receives the signal sequence.