Abstract: An apparatus and process is taught for the formation of ethanol from a fermentation medium in the absence of an ethanol concentration distillation step.

Abstract: An apparatus and process is taught for the formation of ethanol from a fermentation medium in the absence of an ethanol concentration distillation step.

Abstract: A method and system for capturing hydrogen gas in a refinery is disclosed. The system comprises a first membrane and pre-reformer. The membrane is suitable for separating a refinery fuel gas feed, which includes hydrogen gas and hydrocarbon gases, into a hydrogen gas depleted retentate stream and a hydrogen gas enriched permeate stream. The pre-reformer receives the retentate stream from the first membrane and catalytically converts the retentate stream into an outlet stream of hydrogen and methane gases. The system may further include a reformer which receives at least a portion of the outlet stream and catalytically converts the methane gas into hydrogen and carbon oxides. A second membrane may be used for separating the outlet stream into a second hydrogen depleted retentate stream and second hydrogen enriched permeate stream. The reformer, in this case, receives the second hydrogen depleted retentate stream to provide methane for steam reforming.