Abstract: Reducing migration distortions in migrated images of the Earth's subsurface. Recorded seismic data may be migrated, using a migration velocity model, to generate a migration image comprising ADCIGs with distortions. Synthetic seismic data may be generated, using the migration velocity model, for a grid of point scatterers. The synthetic seismic data may be migrated, using the migration velocity model, to generate impulse responses for the point scatterers. The impulse responses are used as point spread functions (PSFs) which approximate the blurring operator, e.g., the Hessian. An optimal reflectivity model may be selected using image-domain least-squares migration (LSM), based on the PSFs, with regularization of the difference between the migration image and a reflectivity model and a total variation (TV) regularization of the reflectivity model in the spatial and angular domains.

Abstract: A system and method for interpolating seismic data collected by a set of geophones arranged in an irregularly spaced grid by: transforming the collected seismic data by a Radon transform; pre-computing a set of basis function correlation factors by geometrically scaling a spatial geometry of each temporal frequency slice of the transformed seismic data independently by its temporal frequency; computing, solely in the transformed domain, an anti-leakage Radon transform of the seismic data by computing each Radon coefficient independently for each temporal frequency slice using the pre-computed basis function correlation factors, until a relative error between the collected seismic data and an approximation of the collected seismic data based on the Radon coefficients is less than a predetermined convergence threshold; and simulating seismic data collected in a regularly spaced grid by interpolating the anti-leakage Radon transform of the collected seismic data in the irregularly spaced grid.

Abstract: A system and method for attenuating surface waves in common shot gathers of seismic data recorded by a set of geophones by: iteratively executing a genetic algorithm over a plurality of generations to generate an optimal one-dimensional (1D) Earth model based on the common shot gather data by, successively refining a pool of candidate Earth models to better fit the common shot gather data, until optimal Earth models in sequential generations converge; generating synthetic surface wave data based on the optimal Earth model and canceling the synthetic surface wave data from the common shot gather data to generate new common shot gather data that reduces the noise due to surface waves; and iteratively executing the genetic algorithm over each new common shot gather data until optimal Earth models generated in sequential iterations of the genetic algorithm converge.

Abstract: A system and method for reducing migration distortions in migrated images of the Earth's subsurface. Recorded seismic data may be migrated, using a migration velocity model, to generate a migration image comprising distortions. Synthetic seismic data may be generated, using the migration velocity model, for a grid of scattered points. The synthetic seismic data may be migrated, using the migration velocity model, to generate impulse responses for the scattered points. The impulse responses are used as point spread functions (PSFs) which approximates the blurring operator, e.g., the Hessian operator. An optimal reflectivity model may be selected using image-domain least-squares migration (LSM), based on the PSFs, with a regularization of the difference between the migration image and a reflectivity model and a total variation (TV) regularization of the reflectivity model. An image of the optimal reflectivity model may be generated that has reduced migration distortions compared to the original migration image.

Abstract: A system and method for attenuating surface waves in common shot gathers of seismic data recorded by a set of geophones by: iteratively executing a genetic algorithm over a plurality of generations to generate an optimal one-dimensional (1D) Earth model based on the common shot gather data by, successively refining a pool of candidate Earth models to better fit the common shot gather data, until optimal Earth models in sequential generations converge; generating synthetic surface wave data based on the optimal Earth model and canceling the synthetic surface wave data from the common shot gather data to generate new common shot gather data that reduces the noise due to surface waves; and iteratively executing the genetic algorithm over each new common shot gather data until optimal Earth models generated in sequential iterations of the genetic algorithm converge.

Abstract: A system and method for interpolating seismic data collected by a set of geophones arranged in an irregularly spaced grid by: transforming the collected seismic data by a Radon transform; pre-computing a set of basis function correlation factors by geometrically scaling a spatial geometry of each temporal frequency slice of the transformed seismic data independently by its temporal frequency; computing, solely in the transformed domain, an anti-leakage Radon transform of the seismic data by computing each Radon coefficient independently for each temporal frequency slice using the pre-computed basis function correlation factors, until a relative error between the collected seismic data and an approximation of the collected seismic data based on the Radon coefficients is less than a predetermined convergence threshold; and simulating seismic data collected in a regularly spaced grid by interpolating the anti-leakage Radon transform of the collected seismic data in the irregularly spaced grid.

Abstract: This invention relates to production of micronized calcined tincal having a high content as a result of a succession of procedures consisting of: hardening of earth minerals due to lose of water during subjecting coarse tincal ore (Na2B4O7-10H2O) to heat treatment in rotary furnace with flights; forming of swollen soft, expanded structure of tincal ore caused by calcination and consequently being calcined followed by purification from impurities in a high rate in a way subjecting calcined tincal to pneumatic separation procedure by means of hot air used for calcination process after autogenic grinding effect of dried and hardened clays on swollen ore and obtaining micronized calcined tincal with high efficiency. The invention also relates to the production of compacted calcined tincal product with increased density in the second step as result of compacting micronized calcined tincal with low density under pressure.