Abstract: Provided is a separation and recovery apparatus for continuously separating and recovering, from a resin mixture containing a resin containing a hydrolyzable polymer and a resin containing a nonhydrolyzable polymer, a hydrolytic component a of the hydrolyzable polymer A and the nonhydrolyzable polymer B, the apparatus including: a crushing unit that crushes the resin mixture a melting/discharging unit that melts a crushed product obtained by the crushing unit to form a fluid and discharges the fluid at a high pressure; and a hydrothermal reaction treatment unit that continuously subjects the fluid discharged from the melting/discharging unit to a hydrothermal reaction treatment, wherein, in the melting/discharging unit, the hydrolyzable polymer A is hydrolyzed, and the hydrolytic component a thereof is dissolved and transferred into water permeating a sintered alloy diaphragm, thereby separating the nonhydrolyzable polymer B.

Abstract: A phase modulator of the present disclosure includes a phase distribution arithmetic unit that generates, in a case of reproducing the same reproduction image over a plurality of frames or a plurality of subframes by a light phase modulation element, target phase distribution data that is allowed to reproduce the same reproduction image in at least two adjacent frames among the plurality of frames or in at least two adjacent subframes among the plurality of subframes and that changes phase distribution in the light phase modulation element.

Abstract: A display unit of the present disclosure includes one or more display devices that perform image display by making a difference in resolution for each of a plurality of image regions in an original image, and an optical device that corrects optically for distortion of a display image that is caused by performing the image display at the different resolution for each of the plurality of image regions, a position of the image display between the plurality of image regions, or both.

Abstract: An object of the present disclosure is to provide a phase modulator, a lighting system, and a projector that allow for improving diffraction efficiency in a light phase modulation element. The phase modulator according to the present disclosure includes a light phase modulation element that has a plurality of pixels arranged with the pixel pitches p being different from each other to have a pixel structure suppressing occurrence of high-order diffraction light and that modulates a phase of light with respect to each of the pixels. Moreover, the phase modulator according to the present disclosure includes a capturing optical system that captures a plurality of fluxes of high-order diffraction light generated in each of the pixels.

Abstract: A display unit of the present disclosure includes one or more display devices that perform image display by making a difference in resolution for each of a plurality of image regions in an original image, and an optical device that corrects optically for distortion of a display image that is caused by performing the image display at the different resolution for each of the plurality of image regions, a position of the image display between the plurality of image regions, or both.

Abstract: An object of the present disclosure is to provide a phase modulator, a lighting system, and a projector that allow for improving diffraction efficiency in a light phase modulation element. The phase modulator according to the present disclosure includes a light phase modulation element that has a plurality of pixels arranged with the pixel pitches p being different from each other to have a pixel structure suppressing occurrence of high-order diffraction light and that modulates a phase of light with respect to each of the pixels. Moreover, the phase modulator according to the present disclosure includes a capturing optical system that captures a plurality of fluxes of high-order diffraction light generated in each of the pixels.

Abstract: A phase modulator of the present disclosure includes a phase distribution arithmetic unit that generates, in a case of reproducing the same reproduction image over a plurality of frames or a plurality of subframes by a light phase modulation element, target phase distribution data that is allowed to reproduce the same reproduction image in at least two adjacent frames among the plurality of frames or in at least two adjacent subframes among the plurality of subframes and that changes phase distribution in the light phase modulation element.

Abstract: In order to prevent a burn-in phenomenon from occurring in a liquid crystal, the present invention provides a display apparatus including a liquid-crystal display device employing the liquid crystal and a driving circuit. In an operation to drive the liquid-crystal display device, the driving circuit inverts the polarity of a signal voltage applied between pixel electrodes and a facing electrode, which are employed in the liquid-crystal display device, every frame period of a moving-image signal. In the operation to drive the liquid-crystal display device, the driving circuit also changes the phase of a control signal for inverting the polarity.

Abstract: Disclosed herein is a liquid crystal display apparatus, including, a pixel array section, a first data line, a second data line, a writing unit, a voltage supply control unit, a data line short-circuiting unit, a reading out unit, and a testing unit.

Abstract: A liquid crystal display in which image quality is enhanced by reducing coupling noise with adjacent wiring or element and noise entering therefrom, and redundancy is imparted even when short circuit of wiring takes place in a pixel and a defect can be treated as if it is not a defect. Display pixels are provided, respectively, at the intersections of a plurality of vertical signal lines (15) and a plurality of horizontal signal lines (17), each of the vertical signal lines (15) and the horizontal signal lines (17) is provided with a shield wire (3) and the potential of the shield wire (3) is set at such a level as to display the display pixel in black.

Abstract: A reflective liquid crystal display device and a liquid crystal display unit capable of achieving high moisture resistance and securing long-term reliability through specifically preventing electrode corrosion in a surface portion of a pixel electrode substrate are provided. A seal portion bonds a pixel electrode substrate and a transparent electrode substrate together with a predetermined spacing in between. In this case, the pixel electrodes and a metal film are formed inside an outer surface of the seal portion on the pixel electrode substrate. Thereby, the pixel electrodes and the metal film are not exposed to air, and the moisture resistance can be secured, and electrode corrosion can be prevented. Moreover, as an adhesive surface of the seal portion is a substrate surface, compared to the case where peripheral end surfaces of the whole device are coated, sufficient adhesion can be secured for a long term.

Abstract: Disclosed herein is a liquid crystal display apparatus, including, a pixel array section, a first data line, a second data line, a writing unit, a voltage supply control unit, a data line short-circuiting unit, a reading out unit, and a testing unit.

Abstract: Disclosed is a semiconductor device capable of realizing a reduction in the area of each pixel without degrading noise resistance. A switching transistor (13) and a signal accumulation capacitor (15) are formed on a semiconductor substrate (base semiconductor region) (11) of a first conduction type, on the basis of each unit region for constituting a pixel Px. The switching transistor (13) has a structure in which a source region (13S) and a drain region (13D) of a second conduction type are formed on the semiconductor substrate (11), and a gate electrode (13G) is formed on the region between the source region (13S) and the drain region (13D), with an insulating layer (12a) therebetween.

Abstract: A liquid crystal display in which image quality is enhanced by reducing coupling noise with adjacent wiring or element and noise entering therefrom, and redundancy is imparted even when short circuit of wiring takes place in a pixel and a defect can be treated as if it is not a defect. Display pixels are provided, respectively, at the intersections of a plurality of vertical signal lines (15) and a plurality of horizontal signal lines (17), each of the vertical signal lines (15) and the horizontal signal lines (17) is provided with a shield wire (3) and the potential of the shield wire (3) is set at such a level as to display the display pixel in black.

Abstract: A voltage to be used for scanning of scanning lines can be changed over between AVD1 which is within a gate withstanding voltage of a switching element and AVD2 higher than the gate withstanding voltage. Within a horizontal blanking period, scanning of the scanning lines is started with AVD1, and then precharging of data lines is performed. Thereafter, the voltage is changed over to AVD2. Since, at this point of time, a potential corresponding to the precharge voltage is generated in a pixel capacitor, even if AVD2 exceeding the withstanding voltage is applied to a pixel switch, a potential difference which does not exceed the withstanding voltage can be produced between terminals of the switching element.

Abstract: A method for testing a semiconductor substrate forming a liquid crystal display device, which method enables a potential change corresponding to a defective condition of pixel cell driving circuits to be detected accurately even when a ratio of pixel capacitance to wiring capacitance is lowered with decrease in size or increase in definition of the liquid crystal display device. The method includes: a charge retaining step for making pixel capacitances connected to a plurality of pixel switches selected from all pixel switches connected to one data line retain charge; and a detecting step for simultaneously detecting the charge retained in a plurality of the pixel capacitances in the charge retaining step from the one data line.

Abstract: A method for testing a semiconductor substrate forming a liquid crystal display device, which method enables a potential change corresponding to a defective condition of pixel cell driving circuits to be detected accurately even when a ratio of pixel capacitance to wiring capacitance is lowered with decrease in size or increase in definition of the liquid crystal display device. The method includes: a charge retaining step for making pixel capacitances connected to a plurality of pixel switches selected from all pixel switches connected to one data line retain charge; and a detecting step for simultaneously detecting the charge retained in a plurality of the pixel capacitances in the charge retaining step from the one data line.

Abstract: In order to prevent a burn-in phenomenon from occurring in a liquid crystal, the present invention provides a display apparatus including a liquid-crystal display device employing the liquid crystal and a driving circuit. In an operation to drive the liquid-crystal display device, the driving circuit inverts the polarity of a signal voltage applied between pixel electrodes and a facing electrode, which are employed in the liquid-crystal display device, every frame period of a moving-image signal. In the operation to drive the liquid-crystal display device, the driving circuit also changes the phase of a control signal for inverting the polarity.

Abstract: A display device having extremely short writing time to a pixel such as the liquid crystal display device of a dot sequential drive method using a single-crystal silicon transistor as a switching element is provided in which in the case where a display area is divided into two or more areas, the degradation of picture quality is prevented to perform a high definition display.

Abstract: A reflective liquid crystal display device and a liquid crystal display unit capable of achieving high moisture resistance and securing long-term reliability through specifically preventing electrode corrosion in a surface portion of a pixel electrode substrate are provided. A seal portion bonds a pixel electrode substrate and a transparent electrode substrate together with a predetermined spacing in between. In this case, the pixel electrodes and a metal film are formed inside an outer surface of the seal portion on the pixel electrode substrate. Thereby, the pixel electrodes and the metal film are not exposed to air, and the moisture resistance can be secured, and electrode corrosion can be prevented. Moreover, as an adhesive surface of the seal portion is a substrate surface, compared to the case where peripheral end sources of the whole device are coated, sufficient adhesion can be secured for a long term.