Abstract: An injector nozzle used with an internal combustion engine for shaping a fluid flow is provided. The nozzle has a body and an orifice plate provided at an outlet of the body. The body and the plate extend symmetrically with respect to a central axis. The plate has an interior surface and an opposite exterior surface, which are substantially parallel to each other to define a thickness of the plate. The plate has fluid passageways each having an orifice on the exterior surface. The fluid flow diverges through the fluid passageways to create stream jets. The imaginary extensions the passageways converge to create a focal point and an included angle associated with the focal point.

Abstract: In one embodiment, an insert for a fluid nozzle is provided. The insert includes a plurality of passages oriented in included angles to produce colliding jets of a liquid at one or more focal points a specific distance away from the exits of the passages (in one example, the colliding jets of liquid increase fluid atomization and reduce liquid lengths). In one embodiment, the nozzle insert is cylindrical in shape. The insert may be housed, held, trapped or otherwise in material connection with an outer nozzle. The colliding jets of liquid may utilize the kinetic energy carried in particle to particle collision to improve liquid break-up in order to form smaller particles (resulting in high vaporization rates and shorter liquid lengths).

Abstract: The present disclosure relates to a method of modifying a conventional injector (e.g., a high pressure direct fuel injector) and to the modified injector resulting therefrom. The modified injector provides a fluid flow rate and/or fluid spray plume (i.e., pattern) which is different than the fluid flow rate and/or fluid spray plume (i.e., pattern) of the original conventional injector. In one embodiment, provided is a modified injector used in internal combustion engines for fuel delivery directly into the combustion chamber.

Abstract: A liquid injector for injection of liquids into internal combustion engines is provided. The injectors have a plurality of jets aimed at a common collision point, where at least two jet streams collide to create a finely atomized liquid due to kinetic energy dissipated by the impact of the liquid streams. The angle formed by the jets, the pressure applied and the distance at which the jets collide is such that the loss of forward momentum is greater than the energy required to create particles smaller than 5 microns. Liquids injected may include gasoline, diesel-type fuels, or water. The injectors may be employed for port injection or direct injection.

Abstract: The present disclosure relates to a method of modifying a conventional injector (e.g., a high pressure direct fuel injector) and to the modified injector resulting therefrom. The modified injector provides a fluid flow rate and/or fluid spray plume (i.e., pattern) which is different than the fluid flow rate and/or fluid spray plume (i.e., pattern) of the original conventional injector. In one embodiment, provided is a modified injector used in internal combustion engines for fuel delivery directly into the combustion chamber.

Abstract: An injector nozzle used with an internal combustion engine for guiding and shaping a fluid flow is provided. The injector nozzle has a fluid flow guide provided at an outlet of a nozzle body. The fluid flow guide has a plurality of fluid passageways for creating a plurality of stream jets. Each passageway has an orifice, through which a respective stream jet is discharged from a respective passageway. The imaginary extensions and the plurality of passageways converge to create at least one focal point, such that the plurality of stream jets impinge on each other to form a spray plume. The plurality of orifices of the fluid passageways are arranged on an imaginary circle on an exterior surface of the fluid flow guide. The plurality of orifices are radially asymmetrically distributed on the imaginary circle with respect to the central axis of the imaginary circle.

Abstract: An injector nozzle used with an internal combustion engine for shaping a fluid flow is provided. The nozzle has a body and an orifice plate provided at an outlet of the body. The body and the plate extend symmetrically with respect to a central axis. The plate has an interior surface and an opposite exterior surface, which are substantially parallel to each other to define a thickness of the plate. The plate has fluid passageways each having an orifice on the exterior surface. The fluid flow diverges through the fluid passageways to create stream jets. The imaginary extensions the passageways converge to create a focal point and an included angle associated with the focal point.

Abstract: A liquid injector atomizer for direct injection in to the cylinder of an internal combustion engine is provided, with a supply of pressurized liquid a supply of pressurized gas, a body, and a nozzle with two or more orifices each for the liquid and the gas. Each orifice directs a jet of metered pressurized liquid or gas out of the injector body. At least two of the liquid jets are aimed at one or more collision points, where at least two gas jet streams collide at a same collision point or another collision point, thereby creating a finely atomized liquid.

Abstract: A liquid injector atomizer for direct injection in to the cylinder of an internal combustion engine is provided, with a supply of pressurized liquid a supply of pressurized gas, a body, and a nozzle with two or more orifices each for the liquid and the gas. Each orifice directs a jet of metered pressurized liquid or gas out of the injector body. At least two of the liquid jets are aimed at one or more collision points, where at least two gas jet streams collide at a same collision point or another collision point, thereby creating a finely atomized liquid.

Abstract: A liquid injector for injection of liquids into internal combustion engines is provided. The injectors have a plurality of jets aimed at a common collision point, where at least two jet streams collide to create a finely atomized liquid due to kinetic energy dissipated by the impact of the liquid streams. The angle formed by the jets, the pressure applied and the distance at which the jets collide is such that the loss of forward momentum is greater than the energy required to create particles smaller than 5 microns. Liquids injected may include gasoline, diesel-type fuels, or water. The injectors may be employed for port injection or direct injection.

Abstract: An internal combustion engine is provided equipped with an exhaust gas recirculating (EGR) system and means for internally cooling the exhaust gases by a spray of atomized water into the recirculated exhaust gases prior to ignition. The atomized water spray may be in the intake manifold or directly in the cylinder. The engine may employ spark or compression ignition. The internal combustion engine operates with compression ratios greater than 12:1 and lean air:fuel ratios. Also provided is a method for controlling the amount of exhaust gas recirculated in the engine, and for controlling the amount of water added. The inventive engines have elevated thermodynamic efficiencies and favorable NOx emissions.

Abstract: A hydrokinetic energy conversion system (HKECS) is provided, comprising design configurations suitable for efficient production of tidal or river in-stream kinetic energy into useful mechanical energy for tasks such as generating electricity or water pumping. The apparatus includes a set of blades with an airfoil cross sectional contour moving on a horizontal or vertical closed loop track, whereby the blades are propelled through the water by a net tangential lift force, rather than drag, to effectively convert the kinetic energy of flowing water to useful power.

Abstract: A hydrokinetic energy conversion system (HKECS) is provided, comprising design configurations suitable for efficient production of tidal or river in-stream kinetic energy into useful mechanical energy for tasks such as generating electricity or water pumping. The apparatus includes a set of blades with an airfoil cross sectional contour moving on a horizontal or vertical closed loop track, whereby the blades are propelled through the water by a net tangential lift force, rather than drag, to effectively convert the kinetic energy of flowing water to useful power.

Abstract: A linear wind powered electric generator (LWPEG), which is particularly adapted for installation at geographical sites subject to lower wind intensities. More specifically, there are provided design concepts for an LWPEG, possessing reasonable economic parameters for utilization at the lower-intensity wind sites. Moreover, the linear wind powered electric generator is based on a track based wind power generator, incorporating aerodynamic designs, which are adapted to reduce mechanical complexities presently encountered in this technology, while being cost-effective both in construction and in connection with the operation thereof.

Abstract: A linear wind powered electric generator (LWPEG), which is particularly adapted for installation at geographical sites subject to lower wind intensities. More specifically, there are provided design concepts for an LWPEG, possessing reasonable economic parameters for utilization at the lower-intensity wind sites. Moreover, the linear wind powered electric generator is based on a track based wind power generator, incorporating aerodynamic designs, which are adapted to reduce mechanical complexities presently encountered in this technology, while being cost-effective both in construction and in connection with the operation thereof.