Abstract: The present disclosure relates to a method for obtaining sugar and lignin fractions from lignocellulosic materials and to a method for producing fermentation products using the sugars obtained from the lignocellulose. The present disclosure also relates to a method for improving the sugar yield in the enzymatic hydrolysate by introducing a pre-treatment step of hydrothermal hydrolysis with a delignification step using a cationic compound.

Abstract: The present disclosure relates to a method for obtaining sugar and lignin fractions from lignocellulosic materials and to a method for producing fermentation products using the sugars obtained from the lignocellulose. The present disclosure relates to a method for improving the sugar yield in the enzymatic hydrolysate by introducing a pre-treatment step of hydrothermal hydrolysis and an alkaline delignification step.

Abstract: The present disclosure relates to methods for producing microbial lipids. The present disclosure also relates to methods for producing microbial lipids using inhibitors obtainable from lignocellulosic materials to suppress the proliferation of unwanted microorganisms in the fermentation broth. The method can therefore reduce the risk of having contaminating microbes establish in the system and the cultivation and thus higher yields of microbial lipids may be obtained.

Abstract: The present disclosure relates to a method for obtaining sugar and lignin fractions from lignocellulosic materials and to a method for producing fermentation products using the sugars obtained from the lignocellulose. The present disclosure also relates to a method for improving the sugar yield in the enzymatic hydrolysate by introducing a pre-treatment step of hydrothermal hydrolysis with a delignification step using a cationic compound.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a method for obtaining sugar and lignin fractions from lignocellulosic materials and to a method for producing fermentation products using the sugars obtained from the lignocellulose. In particular, the present invention relates to a method for improving the sugar yield in the enzymatic hydrolysate by introducing a pre-treatment step of hydrothermal hydrolysis and an alkaline delignification step.

Abstract: The present disclosure relates to methods for producing microbial lipids. The present disclosure also relates to methods for producing microbial lipids using inhibitors obtainable from lignocellulosic materials to supress the proliferation of unwanted microorganisms in the fermentation broth. The method can therefore reduce the risk of having contaminating microbes establish in the system and the cultivation and thus higher yields of microbial lipids may be obtained.

Abstract: The invention relates to a method for the recovery of oil from an aqueous solution containing oil and solids, as well as to the use of products obtained by this method. The method of the invention comprises at least the following steps of: Adjusting the oil- and solids-containing aqueous solution to a pH which is acidic, separating an oil- and solids-containing fraction from the acidic aqueous solution with an separation agent which is hydrophilic or assumes a hydrophilic character in response to water, recovering the oil- and solids-containing fraction separated by means of said separation agent, extracting oil away from the solids with a water-insoluble extraction agent, and recovering the oil-containing water-insoluble extraction agent.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a method for the production of fat with a principal application as transportation biofuel or a component or raw material therefor. According to the method, cell masses, cell suspensions and/or liquid phases formed in the production of single cell oil, and/or biomass-containing side streams or microorganism cell masses for another purpose and/or originating from other sources, are contacted with a fat-production capable microorganism and the organism is allowed to produce fat. The resulting fat is recovered or the microorganism mass is passed to a single-cell oil production process. By means of the invention, the organic matter present in the cell mass and side streams of single-cell oil can be re-utilized for the production of the single-cell oil, thereby improving a total fat yield, as well as reducing an organic load of the side streams.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a process for producing enzymes and single cell oil. The process comprises that microorganisms capable of producing both single cell oil and enzymes are cultivated under conditions suitable for single cell oil production and enzyme production in a single cell oil production process. A microorganism culture comprising single cell oil and enzymes is obtained and at least part of the microorganism culture, of the supernatant and/or microorganism cells separated from the microorganism culture, of protein fraction enriched from the supernatant, and/or of protein fraction obtained from the cells is used as an enzyme preparation or as a source of enzymes. Single cell oil is recovered from the microorganism cells and used as biofuel, component of biofuel or as a starting material for biofuel production. Enzymes produced according to the process are used in the same or in another industrial process.

Abstract: The invention relates to a method for the recovery of oil from an aqueous solution containing oil and solids, as well as to the use of products obtained by this method. The method of the invention comprises at least the following steps of: Adjusting the oil- and solids-containing aqueous solution to a pH which is acidic, separating an oil- and solids-containing fraction from the acidic aqueous solution with an separation agent which is hydrophilic or assumes a hydrophilic character in response to water, recovering the oil- and solids-containing fraction separated by means of said separation agent, extracting oil away from the solids with a water-insoluble extraction agent, and recovering the oil-containing water-insoluble extraction agent.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a process for producing enzymes and single cell oil. The process comprises that microorganisms capable of producing both single cell oil and enzymes are cultivated under conditions suitable for single cell oil production and enzyme production in a single cell oil production process. A microorganism culture comprising single cell oil and enzymes is obtained and at least part of the microorganism culture, of the supernatant and/or microorganism cells separated from the microorganism culture, of protein fraction enriched from the supernatant, and/or of protein fraction obtained from the cells is used as an enzyme preparation or as a source of enzymes. Single cell oil is recovered from the microorganism cells and used as biofuel, component of biofuel or as a starting material for biofuel production. Enzymes produced according to the process are used in the same or in another industrial process.

Abstract: The present invention concerns a process for forming a fatty acid, a fatty acid ester or a mixture thereof from a soap-comprising starting material, in which process a metal-ion forming agent is added to the starting material, whereby a mixture is formed, which contains an insoluble phase and a liquid phase, the insoluble phase is separated from the liquid phase, and an acid is added into the insoluble phase to form a fatty acid, or a monohydric alcohol and an acid catalyst are added to form a fatty acid ester, whereby two phases are formed, an aqueous phase and an organic phase, or, first, an acid is added and then a monohydric alcohol and an acid catalyst are added into at least a portion of the formed fatty acid to esterify the fatty acid.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a method for the production of fat with a principal application as transportation biofuel or a component or raw material therefor. According to the method, cell masses, cell suspensions and/or liquid phases formed in the production of single cell oil, and/or biomass-containing side streams or microorganism cell masses for another purpose and/or originating from other sources, are contacted with a fat-production capable microorganism and the organism is allowed to produce fat. The resulting fat is recovered or the microorganism mass is passed to a single-cell oil production process. By means of the invention, the organic matter present in the cell mass and side streams of single-cell oil can be re-utilized for the production of the single-cell oil, thereby improving a total fat yield, as well as reducing an organic load of the side streams.

Abstract: The invention relates to a method for forming a lipid or a lipid mixture from an organic source material comprising cellulose, hemicellulose, starch, non-starch polysaccharide, any mixture thereof or degradation products thereof. According to the method, the source material is treated one or more times with water, an aqueous solution of acid or alkali, and the precipitate and the filtrate are separated. The precipitate obtained from the treatments mentioned above can be subjected to mechanical or thermo-mechanical grinding, or the precipitate can be treated with a strong acid, or the precipitate can be acidified and ground mechanically or thermo-mechanically. After the treatments, the precipitate and the filtrate are separated. A lipid-producing microorganism is contacted with the source material or the obtained filtrate(s) in a culture medium, whereby the microorganism cells begin to produce lipid, and the lipids are recovered.

Abstract: The present invention concerns a process for forming a lipid or a mixture of lipids from a starting material, which comprises at least one alcohol and a soap or a soap precursor, the process comprising adding a metal-ion forming agent to the starting material, whereby a mixture is formed, which contains an insoluble phase and a liquid phase, separating the insoluble phase from the liquid phase, contacting the lipid-producing microorganism with the liquid phase on a culturing substrate, whereby the microorganism cells begin producing lipid, and collecting the lipids. The present invention also concerns a process for forming a lipid or a mixture of lipids from an alcohol-containing liquid phase, which comprises at least one alcohol.

Abstract: The present invention concerns a process for forming a fatty acid, a fatty acid ester or a mixture thereof from a soap-comprising starting material, in which process a metal-ion forming agent is added to the starting material, whereby a mixture is formed, which contains an insoluble phase and a liquid phase, the insoluble phase is separated from the liquid phase, and an acid is added into the insoluble phase to form a fatty acid, or a monohydric alcohol and an acid catalyst are added to form a fatty acid ester, whereby two phases are formed, an aqueous phase and an organic phase, or, first, an acid is added and then a monohydric alcohol and an acid catalyst are added into at least a portion of the formed fatty acid to esterify the fatty acid.

Abstract: A process of preparing a L-ribose fraction having greater than 97% purity starting from an aqueous solution of L-arabinose is provided by utilizing an epimerization reaction conducted in the presence of a Mo compound and eluting the product formed by said epimerization reaction through a separation zone containing a strong acid cation exchange resin. A process of crystallized said L-ribose fraction under conditions effective to form monohydrate L-ribose crystals is also disclosed.

Abstract: Novel methods for the synthesis of xylitol are described.