Abstract: In a process and an apparatus for alternately heating and cooling a heat exchanger, the heating operation is effected by means of a steam-heated hot water-producing means and the cooling operation is effected by direct cooling by means of an open cooling circuit. Before switching over to the open cooling circuit, the heat exchanger is connected, to reduce the pressure, to the hot water-producing means whose steam feed conduit is shut off.

Abstract: In a process for heating material in a treatment apparatus, using heating vapor, followed by cooling of the material, the condensate from the heating stage is stored in a storage container and the heat content thereof is utilized for the recovery of heat for further use in the process, by the condensate, in a subsequent heating cycle, being returned directly to the treatment apparatus, for preheating of fresh material to be subsequently heated therein. After being cooled, the condensate is discharged from the treatment apparatus and removed from the process.

Abstract: In a plant having a dryer for organic materials, especially wood chips through which hot gas from a combustion chamber can be passed, and the exhaust gases, laden with combustible contaminants, can be passed through indirect heat exchangers, by-pass ducts carrying exhaust gas from the dryer are associated with the heat exchangers, along with hot gas ducts to and from the combustion chamber. After a heat exchanger has been shut off from the exhaust gas stream from the dryer, the same heat exchanger can be connected for cleaning to a portion of the hot gas from the combustion chamber.

Abstract: A method and installation for alternately heating and cooling a heat exchanger adding at least two liquid storage vessels respectively at higher and lower average temperature and a conduit system and a boiler. Prior to the last heating-up stage of the heat exchanger the liquid heat carrier present in the heat exchanger and in a portion of the conduit system is pressed into a liquid storage vessel with variable liquid level. For the further heating-up and heating of the heat exchanger, steam from a steam boiler is fed into the heat exchanger and during cooling-off of the heat exchanger the latter and the portion of the conduit system mentioned above is first filled with liquid from the liquid storage vessel of variable liquid level.

Abstract: A heating installation in which heat from the environment is fed to a consumer by means of a heat pump while the compressor of the heat pump is driven by a turbine which is located in the circuit of a further heat carrier which is heatable by a heat source, the energy of which in case of need is directly transferable to the consumer of the heating installation.

Abstract: A method and apparatus of alternately heating and cooling a heat exchanger of a heating and cooling system having a boiler and a cooler, is disclosed, in which quantities of liquid of different temperature are passed from the heat exchanger into at least two reservoirs, respectively during the warm-up phase and cool-down phases of the exchanger. Upon the change from cooling to heating, the quantity of liquid in the reservoir having the lowest temperature, is passed to the heat exchanger for preheating the latter, and upon the change from heating to cooling, the quantity of liquid in the reservoir having the highest temperature is passed to the heat exchanger for the preliminary cooling thereof.

Abstract: A method and apparatus of alternately heating and cooling a heat exchanger of a heating and cooling system having a boiler and a cooler, is disclosed, in which quantities of liquid of different temperature are passed from the heat exchanger into at least two reservoirs, respectively during the warm-up phase and cool-down phases of the exchanger. Upon the change from cooling to heating, the quantity of liquid in the reservoir having the lowest temperature, is passed to the heat exchanger for preheating the latter, and upon the change from heating to cooling, the quantity of liquid in the reservoir having the highest temperature is passed to the heat exchanger for the preliminary cooling thereof.

Abstract: A heating and cooling apparatus with thermal recovery with two heat exchangers and method of alternately heating and cooling same, in which, during the warm-up phase, the cool liquid returning from a heat exchanger, and, during the cool-down phase, the hot liquid returning from a heat exchanger, are delivered to reservoirs from which, during the warm-up phase, hot liquid is taken for the hot liquid source, and, during the cool-down phase, cold liquid is taken for the cold liquid source, into which reservoirs both during the warm-up phase and during the cool-down phase amounts of liquid of different temperature are taken from the heat exchanger. The warm-up and cool-down phases of the second heat exchanger are out of step with the warm-up and cool-down phases of the first heat exchanger by a fraction of the length of these phases.