Abstract: Sulfosuccinate polygalactomannan half-esters, as well as the alkyl- and alkenyl-sulfosuccinates thereof, are prepared by reacting the gum with sulfosuccinic anhydride or a C.sub.1 -C.sub.22 -alkyl- or C.sub.3 -C.sub.22 -alkenyl sulfosuccinic anhydride. The reactions are carried out at about pH 7.5 in a two-phase system of solid gum slurried in an aqueous medium containing a water-miscible solvent. Sulfomaleate half-esters are prepared in a similar manner using sulfomaleic anhydride. Disulfosuccinate half-esters are prepared by reacting the sulfomaleate gum half-ester with sulfurous acid or a bisulfite salt such as sodium bisulfite.

Abstract: A thickener is prepared comprising water and a waxy starch from a selected plant of a wxsu2 genotype, the sol of which starch exhibits superior resistance to breakdown on storage at low temperatures. The starch may optionally be modified. The thickener, which preferably employs a starch extracted from maize, is particularly useful for food applications.

Abstract: Novel C.sub.1 -C.sub.22 alkyl- and C.sub.3 -C.sub.22 alkenyl-sulfosuccinate starch half-esters are prepared by reacting a starch base or a modified starch base containing anionic, cationic, and/or nonionic substituent groups with about 0.1 to 100% by weight of the corresponding alkyl- or alkenyl-sulfosuccinic anhydride. The reaction is carried out at pH 5-9 and at 5.degree.-90.degree. C. for 0.5-20 hours or at pH 9-11 at 5.degree.-30.degree. C. for about 0.5-3 hours. This one-step method may also be used to prepare sulfosuccinate half-esters. The long chain derivatives (e.g. octyl-, octadecyl-, octenyl-, and dodecenyl-sulfosuccinate half-esters) are hydrophobic.

Abstract: Novel starch sulfomaleate half-esters are prepared by reacting a starch base or a modified starch containing anionic, cationic, and/or nonionic substituent groups with about 0.1 to 100% by weight of sulfomaleic anhydride or its salts. The reaction is carried out at pH 5-9 and at 5.degree.-90.degree. C. for 0.5-20 hours or at pH 9-11 and at 5.degree.-30.degree. C. for about 0.5-3 hours. The starch sulfomaleates may be reacted with sulfurous acid or its acid salts (e.g. sodium bisulfite) to form the novel starch disulfosuccinate.

Abstract: Cow cockle starch is used to cloud fluids. It may be added directly to the fluid or, in the case of food and beverage products, to dry powder mixes, flavor concentrates, and/or syrups. When the product contains a non-essential oil flavorant, the starch provides the entire cloud. When the product contains an essential oil flavorant, the starch enhances the cloud.

Abstract: Starch is phosphorylated by a virtually pollution-free, continuous process whereby an aqueous reagent solution of a tripolyphosphate, orthophosphate or pyrophosphate salt or a mixture thereof is sprayed onto a moist starch cake on a rotary vacuum filter in an amount sufficient to achieve efficient impregnation of the starch cake without losing significant levels of salt to the effluent. In a preferred embodiment, the reagent solution contains alkali metal tripolyphosphate salt and is obtained by diluting a concentrated solution thereof. The thus-impregnated starch is subsequently dried and heat-reacted by known procedures to produce an orthophosphate starch monoester.

Abstract: Starch is phosphorylated by an improved pollution-free process which involves forming a reagent solution of an alkali metal tripolyphosphate salt in water having 20- 36% by weight of the salt dissolved therein, forming a starch cake containing no more than 45% by weight moisture, adding 2 - 30% by weight of the tripolyphosphate salt reagent solution to the starch cake, and drying and heat-reacting the thus-impregnated starch. In this process more efficient impregnation of the starch is achieved. The impregnation is preferably effected in a centrifuge.

Abstract: A non-chemically inhibited starch is prepared by controlled heating at a specified pH of an aqueous suspension of an amylose-containing starch in intact granule form and an inorganic salt effective in raising the gelatinization temperature of the starch.

Abstract: A process of sizing paper with a reaction product of maleic anhydride with a vinylidene olefin.

Abstract: Water-soluble homo-and co-polymers of styrene and salts thereof having a degree of substitution from about 0.7 to about 1.3 sulfonate groups per unit of styrene are useful for treating gastric or duodenal ulcers.