Abstract: Systems and methods for producing and extracting a gas from a wastewater fluid including multiple sheets or layers that form a composite membrane. The composite membrane includes a sandwich structure in which a dry matrix layer is surrounded by a first layer including a first immobilized bacteria and a second layer including a second immobilized bacteria. The first immobilized bacteria and the second immobilized bacteria can be configured to produce a gas from one or more compounds in a wastewater fluid. The dry matrix layer can be configured to receive the gas from the first and second layers, and the gas can be extracted from the membrane. The hydrophobic coatings can be disposed between the dry matrix layer and one or both of the first and second layers. An adhesive interface can be disposed between the dry matrix layer and one or both of the first and second layers.

Abstract: An example includes an apparatus, method, and system for producing and extracting a gas from a wastewater fluid. The apparatus can include a membrane including at least one hollow fiber, the at least one hollow fiber configured to convey a gas extracted from a wastewater fluid. Bacteria can be immobilized within the membrane, and the bacteria configured to produce the gas during treatment of the wastewater fluid.

Abstract: Systems and methods for producing and extracting a gas from a wastewater fluid can include multiple sheets or layers that form a composite membrane. The composite membrane can include a sandwich structure in which a dry matrix layer is surrounded by a first layer including a first immobilized bacteria and a second layer including a second immobilized bacteria. The first immobilized bacteria and the second immobilized bacteria can be configured to produce a gas from one or more compounds in a wastewater fluid. The dry matrix layer can be configured to receive the gas from the first and second layers, and the gas can be extracted from the membrane. In an example, hydrophobic coatings can be disposed between the dry matrix layer and one or both of the first and second layers. In an example, an adhesive interface can be disposed between the dry matrix layer and one or both of the first and second layers.

Abstract: An example includes an apparatus, method, and system for producing and extracting a gas from a wastewater fluid. The apparatus can include a membrane including at least one hollow fiber, the at least one hollow fiber configured to convey a gas extracted from a wastewater fluid. Bacteria can be immobilized within the membrane, and the bacteria configured to produce the gas during treatment of the wastewater fluid.