Abstract: An electrochemical detector including side channels associated with a separation channel of a sample component separation apparatus is provided. The side channels of the detector, in one configuration, provide a sheath-flow for an analyte exiting the separation channel which directs the analyte to the electrically developed electrochemical detector.

Abstract: An electrochemical detector including side channels associated with a separation channel of a sample component separation apparatus is provided. The side channels of the detector, in one configuration, provide a sheath-flow for an analyte exiting the separation channel which directs the analyte to the electrically developed electrochemical detector.

Abstract: The present invention provides microfluidic devices and methods for enhancing mixing and hybridization kinetics in microfluidic assays. More particularly, the present invention is a device and method wherein changing the volume of a gas pocket within a microfluidic device enhances mixing and reaction kinetics therein. In an embodiment sonic frequency is applied to the gas pocket resulting in microstreaming phenomena, thereby resulting in enhanced mixing and reaction kinetics. In another embodiment, the gas pocket is fluidly connected to a microfluidic channel and the volume of the pocket is changed (e.g., by heating and cooling of the gas therein), which cause oscillating flow within the microfluidic channel, thereby resulting in enhanced mixing and reaction kinetics therein.

Abstract: A flow-through microchannel (e.g. capillary) biosensor is described for the for the detection of multiple, different analytes (e.g. nucleic acids, proteins, sugars, etc.) targets in a sample by binding them to “complementary” binding partners (e.g. complementary nucleic acids, ligands, antibodies, etc.). The binding partners are immobilized in different sections of a microchannel (e.g. a fused silica capillary). After fabrication of the biosensor, a sample is flushed through the capillary, and any target analyte(s) contained within the sample are bound to the immobilized binding partner(s) on the microchannel wall forming bound complexes. Finally, the bound complexes are simultaneously denatured along the entire length of the capillary and flushed out past a detector poised downstream, and the analyte concentration is measured (e.g., using sinusoidal voltammetry).

Abstract: This invention relates to a microfabricated capillary electrophoresis chip for detecting multiple redox-active labels simultaneously using a matrix coding scheme and to a method of selectively labeling analytes for simultaneous electrochemical detection of multiple label-analyte conjugates after electrophoretic or chromatographic separation.

Abstract: A flow-through microchannel (e.g. capillary) biosensor is described for the for the detection of multiple, different analytes (e.g. nucleic acids, proteins, sugars, etc.) targets in a sample by binding them to “complementary” binding partners (e.g. complementary nucleic acids, ligands, antibodies, etc.). The binding partners are immobilized in different sections of a microchannel (e.g. a fused silica capillary). After fabrication of the biosensor, a sample is flushed through the capillary, and any target analyte(s) contained within the sample are bound to the immobilized binding partner(s) on the microchannel wall forming bound complexes. Finally, the bound complexes are simultaneously denatured along the entire length of the capillary and flushed out past a detector poised downstream, and the analyte concentration is measured (e.g., using sinusoidal voltammetry).

Abstract: Sinusoidal voltammetry was employed to detect both purine and pyrimidine-based nucleic acids. Adenine and cytosine, representing these two classes of nucleic acids, could be detected with nanomolar detection limits at a copper electrode under these conditions, where the sensitivity for adenine was much higher than that for cytosine. Detection limits for purine-containing nucleotides (e.g., adenosine 5'-monophosphate (AMP), adenosine 5'-diphosphate (ADP), and adenosine 5'-triphosphate (ATP)) were on the order of 70-200 nM using this method. These detection limits are achieved for native nucleotides and are over two orders of magnitude lower than those found with UV absorbance detection. Pyrimidine-based nucleotides could also be detected with high sensitivity due to the presence of a sugar backbone which is electroactive at the copper surface.