Abstract: A method and an electronic unit are disclosed for controlling traffic on a network, especially for controlling peer-to-peer related traffic. A filter unit is intercepting messages related to peer-to-peer application from a network line, irrespective of the messages' destination, A control logic then manages a request represented by an intercepted message subject to its content and subject to peering specific information.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a method of delivering data from a sender application to at least one receiver application that are arranged in a protocol stack comprising: underlying the sender application a sender messaging layer and a sender transport layer, and underlying the receiver application, a receiver messaging layer and a receiver transport layer, wherein the sender transport layer and the receiver transport layer are coupled by way of a network layer, the method comprising the steps of: incorporating a sender intermediate layer between the sender messaging layer and the sender transport layer and a receiver intermediate layer between the receiver messaging layer and the receiver transport layer; configuring the interface characteristics of the intermediate layers to be the same as for their corresponding transport layers; creating a sender queue in a non-volatile data storage component of the sender intermediate layer and a receiver queue in a non-volatile data storage component of the receiver

Abstract: The present invention relates to a method and apparatus for determining the order of wagons in a train. The invention configures a plurality of wagons of a train to sense at least one environmental condition that the wagons are respectively exposed to when the train is moving. The invention configures the wagons to generate a corresponding announcement message in response to a change in state of the environmental condition. The invention configures the first wagon of the train to listen for the announcement message generated by any of the plurality of wagons. The invention configures the first wagon to compute a sequence of the announcement messages from an order in which the wagons have been heard.

Abstract: A method and an electronic unit are disclosed for controlling traffic on a network, especially for controlling peer-to-peer related traffic. A filter unit is intercepting messages related to peer-to-peer application from a network line, irrespective of the messages' destination, A control logic then manages a request represented by an intercepted message subject to its content and subject to peering specific information.

Abstract: A method for deriving a set of efficient path costs for a group of nodes comprising a source node and a plurality of destination nodes in a data communications networks, wherein the path costs for paths between nodes in the group are defined in the network and each path cost comprises a restrictive cost and an additive cost, comprises iteratively identifying the paths of higher bandwidth first and, when two or more paths of equal bandwidth are encountered, selecting the path having a lower transit delay associated therewith.

Abstract: A method that allows the normalization of traffic data that is simultaneously transferred to a network intrusion detection system (NIDS) and monitored end-systems located in a network, such as a TCP/IP network, in which packets of data such as IP datagrams, are fragmented and reassembled. Accordingly, the information of received fragments and/or the topology of the network comprising the network intrusion detection system (NIDS) and the monitored end-systems are entered into a normalization table, that is dynamically established and maintained. Subsequently packets of data such as IP datagrams are modified, redirected or discarded in case that ambiguities are detected when comparing information contained in the normalization table with information contained in the headers of the received data packets.

Abstract: Address management methods and apparatus are provided for a node serving as peer group leader for a peer group of nodes in one level of the hierarchy of a PNNI hierarchical network, whereby the peer group leader represents the peer group to one or more neighboring nodes in the next level up of the hierarchy. The peer group leader has a memory (2) for storing peer group topology data (4), comprising address data which is supplied to the peer group leader from nodes in the peer group and represents addresses for access by the network, and peer group leader topology data (5), comprising address data which is supplied to said neighboring nodes by the peer group leader and represents addresses accessible via the peer group.

Abstract: Methods and apparatus are provided for controlling the clustering of nodes which implement a cluster-based routing protocol in a data communications network system where the system comprises a plurality of such nodes which are interconnectable to form a plurality of ad hoc networks. For each node which is a member of a cluster, cluster control information (CCMs) is maintained, this cluster control information being dependent on the size of at least the cluster of which that node is a member. On connection of two nodes which are members of two respective clusters, each of the two nodes transmits its cluster control information to the other node, and then determines whether a clustering condition is satisfied. In each node, the clustering condition is dependent on the cluster control information maintained for that node and the cluster control information received from the other node. In each node, if the clustering condition is satisfied, the node then communicates a clustering agreement to the other node.

Abstract: A method and an electronic unit are disclosed for controlling traffic on a network, especially for controlling peer-to-peer related traffic. A filter unit is intercepting messages related to peer-to-peer application from a network line, irrespective of the messages' destination, A control logic then manages a request represented by an intercepted message subject to its content and subject to peering specific information.

Abstract: A method for constructing the set of optimal complex node representations of a PNNI peer group based on a restrictive cost database (e.g. a cost matrix) associated with the border nodes. The resulting set of complex node representations is the optimal in that it contains all the possible complex node representations that use the minimum possible number of exception bypasses.

Abstract: A method for deriving a set of efficient path costs for a group of nodes comprising a source node and a plurality of destination nodes in a data communications networks, wherein the path costs for paths between nodes in the group are defined in the network and each path cost comprises a restrictive cost and an additive cost, comprises iteratively identifying the paths of higher bandwidth first and, when two or more paths of equal bandwidth are encountered, selecting the path having a lower transit delay associated therewith.

Abstract: Scheme for the computation of a restrictive cost between pairs of border nodes of a PNNI peer group. A list of said links sorted according to their restrictive cost C is maintained. Logical sets of nodes are formed by taking one link after the other from said list starting with the cheapest cost C and assigning an identifier to the two nodes connected by the respective link, whereby the nodes of a set of nodes carry a dominant unique identifier if a border node is a member of the respective set, or a unique identifier if there is no border node being a member of the respective set. Sets are united if a link connects a node of a first set and a node of a second set, by assigning a dominant unique identifier to all nodes of both sets if either nodes of the first or the nodes of the second set carry a dominant unique identifier, or by assigning a unique identifier to all nodes of both sets if neither the nodes of the first nor the nodes of the second set carry a dominant unique identifier.

Abstract: A method that allows the normalization of traffic data that is simultaneously transferred to a network intrusion detection system (NIDS) and monitored end-systems located in a network, such as a TCP/IP network, in which packets of data such as IP datagrams, are fragmented and reassembled. Accordingly, the information of received fragments and/or the topology of the network comprising the network intrusion detection system (NIDS) and the monitored end-systems are entered into a normalization table, that is dynamically established and maintained. Subsequently packets of data such as IP datagrams are modified, redirected or discarded in case that ambiguities are detected when comparing information contained in the normalization table with information contained in the headers of the received data packets.

Abstract: In an ATM network operating in accordance with PNNI standards, the operation of a switch is divided into two phases, a learning mode phase and an active mode phase. During learning mode phase, each time a reachability is received from a sending switch, the reachability is recorded in the database of the receiving switch and the received reachability is sent to other switches in the same peer group. At the end of the learning mode phase, the database of each of the switches contains the reachabilities advertised by all the switches of the peer group during the learning mode group phase. On a termination of the learning mode, the switches enter the active mode phase. During the active mode, each time a reachability is received from a sending switch, the receiving switch checks to see if the reachability has been advertised in the past by that sending switch. If it has, the reachability is considered to be valid and the receiving switch waits for the next reachability.

Abstract: Methods and apparatus are provided for controlling the clustering of nodes which implement a cluster-based routing protocol in a data communications network system where the system comprises a plurality of such nodes which are interconnectable to form a plurality of ad hoc networks. For each node which is a member of a cluster, cluster control information (CCMs) is maintained, this cluster control information being dependent on the size of at least the cluster of which that node is a member. On connection of two nodes which are members of two respective clusters, each of the two nodes transmits its cluster control information to the other node, and then determines whether a clustering condition is satisfied. In each node, the clustering condition is dependent on the cluster control information maintained for that node and the cluster control information received from the other node. In each node, if the clustering condition is satisfied, the node then communicates a clustering agreement to the other node.

Abstract: A method and system is described for determining the optimal path for routing a communication in a communication network between a source node and at least one destination node. The determination is based upon evaluation of the path offering the widest bandwidth in the direction of data transmission, the lowest additive cost, and the lowest hop count. Each link of the network is associated with at least a restrictive cost and an additive cost reflecting selected link characteristics. A path is characterized by a restrictive cost and an additive cost derived from the link costs of its component links. A connection to be routed identifies a source node, a destination node and a maximum restrictive cost allowed for routing the connection. All acceptable paths from the source node to all the other nodes of the network are determined and stored.

Abstract: Technique for coding video images by filtering the original input image into subband images using successive high-pass and low-pass filterings over a tree-shaped filter bank. Each subband image is then submitted to activity detection and coded with a different number of levels depending on the activity detected and on the subband involved.

Abstract: The object of the invention is to perform an automatic decomposition of a packet switching network in backbone nodes and subareas nodes to speed up the routing path search without degrading the optimization criterion of the routing algorithm and without generating additional control messages on the network.Currently, routing algorithms compute all the available paths in the network, from the source node to the destination node before to select an optimal route. However, networks are rarely fully meshed. They are usually built around a hierarchical structure: a set of nodes, interconnected by high throughput lines, are used to build a backbone with a high degree of meshing and then, local nodes are grouped in geographical subareas themselves attached to the backbone. Routing algorithms can take advantage of this particular network topology to drastically reduce the complexity of paths computation.

Abstract: The echo cancellation method includes starting with an arbitrary set of echo filter coefficients. The coefficients are first sequentially re-estimated using a fast converging method.These operations are repeated a predefined number of times, and then the coefficients estimation is switched to a low converging but more precise method. In addition, an adaptive threshold is being defined and readjusted and all filter coefficients lower than said threshold are being discarded.Finally, sampling time boundaries are adaptively defined based on non-discarded filter coefficients with reference to said threshold, and in such a way the final echo cancellation algorithm is adaptive to echo variations (backtracking algorithm).