Abstract: A system for EMNZ metamaterial-based direct antenna modulation. The system includes a signal generator, a metamaterial switch and an antenna. The signal generator may is configured to generate a microwave signal. The metamaterial switch is configured to generate a modulated microwave signal from the microwave signal. The modulated microwave signal is generated by selectively passing the microwave signal through the metamaterial switch. The metamaterial switch includes a first conductive plate and a first loaded conductive plate. The first loaded conductive plate includes a second conductive plate and a first monolayer graphene. The first monolayer graphene includes a first tunable conductivity. The first monolayer graphene is positioned between the first conductive plate and the second conductive plate. An effective permittivity of the metamaterial switch is configured to be adjusted to a predetermined value.

Abstract: A system for EMNZ metamaterial-based direct antenna modulation. The system includes a signal generator, a metamaterial switch and an antenna. The signal generator may is configured to generate a microwave signal. The metamaterial switch is configured to generate a modulated microwave signal from the microwave signal. The modulated microwave signal is generated by selectively passing the microwave signal through the metamaterial switch. The metamaterial switch includes a first conductive plate and a first loaded conductive plate. The first loaded conductive plate includes a second conductive plate and a first monolayer graphene. The first monolayer graphene includes a first tunable conductivity. The first monolayer graphene is positioned between the first conductive plate and the second conductive plate. An effective permittivity of the metamaterial switch is configured to be adjusted to a predetermined value.

Abstract: An epsilon-and-mu-near-zero (EMNZ) metamaterial. The EMNZ metamaterial includes a waveguide. A length l of the waveguide satisfies a length condition according to l?0.1?, where ? is an operating wavelength of the EMNZ metamaterial. The EMNZ metamaterial further includes a magneto-dielectric material deposited on a lower wall of the waveguide. The waveguide includes an impedance surface placed on the magneto-dielectric material.

Abstract: A metamaterial switch. The metamaterial switch includes a first conductive plate, a first loaded conductive plate, and a magneto-dielectric material. The first loaded conductive plate includes a second conductive plate and a first tunable impedance surface set. Each tunable impedance surface in the first tunable impedance surface set includes a respective tunable conductivity. An effective permittivity of the metamaterial switch is configured to be adjusted to a first predetermined value. The effective permittivity of the metamaterial switch is adjusted responsive to tuning a respective tunable conductivity of each respective tunable impedance surface in the first tunable impedance surface set.

Abstract: A method for optical imaging based on spectral shift assessment. The method includes generating a sample by mixing an object with a fluorophore, stimulating the sample by emitting a laser beam, extracting a plurality of fluorescence spectra from a plurality of fluorescence emissions emitted from the sample, detecting a plurality of fluorescence peaks and a plurality of peak wavelengths in the plurality of fluorescence spectra, extracting a plurality of fluorophore concentrations from a database, and generating a concentration image. The plurality of peak wavelengths are detected by detecting a respective peak wavelength of the plurality of peak wavelengths. Each of the plurality of fluorophore concentrations is associated with a respective peak wavelength of the plurality of peak wavelengths. The concentration image includes a first plurality of pixels. The concentration image is generated based on a respective fluorophore concentration of the plurality of fluorophore concentrations.

Abstract: A metamaterial loaded antenna. The metamaterial loaded antenna includes a dielectric substrate, a first arm, a second arm, a feed point, and a metamaterial structure. The first arm and the second arm are placed on the dielectric substrate. The feed point includes at least one gap between the first arm and the second arm. A metamaterial structure is inserted in the feed point. The metamaterial structure includes a single negative (SNG) metamaterial. The SNG metamaterial includes a first permittivity ?1 and a first permeability ?1. The first permittivity ?1 and the first permeability ?1 satisfy a condition according to ?1?1<0.

Abstract: A system for EMNZ metamaterial-based direct antenna modulation. The system includes a signal generator, a metamaterial switch and an antenna. The signal generator may is configured to generate a microwave signal. The metamaterial switch is configured to generate a modulated microwave signal from the microwave signal. The modulated microwave signal is generated by selectively passing the microwave signal through the metamaterial switch. The metamaterial switch includes a first conductive plate and a first loaded conductive plate. The first loaded conductive plate includes a second conductive plate and a first monolayer graphene. The first monolayer graphene includes a first tunable conductivity. The first monolayer graphene is positioned between the first conductive plate and the second conductive plate. An effective permittivity of the metamaterial switch is configured to be adjusted to a predetermined value.

Abstract: A system for EMNZ metamaterial-based direct antenna modulation. The system includes a signal generator, a metamaterial switch and an antenna. The signal generator may is configured to generate a microwave signal. The metamaterial switch is configured to generate a modulated microwave signal from the microwave signal. The modulated microwave signal is generated by selectively passing the microwave signal through the metamaterial switch. The metamaterial switch includes a first conductive plate and a first loaded conductive plate. The first loaded conductive plate includes a second conductive plate and a first monolayer graphene. The first monolayer graphene includes a first tunable conductivity. The first monolayer graphene is positioned between the first conductive plate and the second conductive plate. An effective permittivity of the metamaterial switch is configured to be adjusted to a predetermined value.

Abstract: A metamaterial switch. The metamaterial switch includes a first conductive plate, a first loaded conductive plate, and a magneto-dielectric material. The first loaded conductive plate includes a second conductive plate and a first tunable impedance surface set. Each tunable impedance surface in the first tunable impedance surface set includes a respective tunable conductivity. An effective permittivity of the metamaterial switch is configured to be adjusted to a first predetermined value. The effective permittivity of the metamaterial switch is adjusted responsive to tuning a respective tunable conductivity of each respective tunable impedance surface in the first tunable impedance surface set.

Abstract: An epsilon-and-mu-near-zero (EMNZ) metamaterial. The EMNZ metamaterial includes a waveguide. A length l of the waveguide satisfies a length condition according to l?0.1?, where ? is an operating wavelength of the EMNZ metamaterial. The EMNZ metamaterial further includes a magneto-dielectric material deposited on a lower wall of the waveguide. The waveguide includes an impedance surface placed on the magneto-dielectric material.

Abstract: A method for optical imaging based on spectral shift assessment. The method includes generating a sample by mixing an object with a fluorophore, stimulating the sample by emitting a laser beam, extracting a plurality of fluorescence spectra from a plurality of fluorescence emissions emitted from the sample, detecting a plurality of fluorescence peaks and a plurality of peak wavelengths in the plurality of fluorescence spectra, extracting a plurality of fluorophore concentrations from a database, and generating a concentration image. The plurality of peak wavelengths are detected by detecting a respective peak wavelength of the plurality of peak wavelengths. Each of the plurality of fluorophore concentrations is associated with a respective peak wavelength of the plurality of peak wavelengths. The concentration image includes a first plurality of pixels. The concentration image is generated based on a respective fluorophore concentration of the plurality of fluorophore concentrations.

Abstract: A novel heat exchanger (FIG. 1) designed and fabricated based on dry ice-ethylene glycol (DIEG) bath 1 as the coolant mixture for the emergency core cooling system (ECCS) of the nuclear power systems to avoid core meltdown during the normal reactor shutdown or reactor scram in the emergency conditions. This method is proposed to upgrade the safety systems including modified ECCS which utilizes fast non-water coolant emergency system by fast cooling of reactor pressure vessel (RPV) 31 based on dry ice+ethylene glycol slurry 1.

Abstract: An interactive combination of Phoswich detector array (PDA) and differential absorption lidar (DIAL) is proposed to trace the unknown radioactive plumes released into the atmosphere from a reactor stack, containment of the nuclear power plants, radioisotope separation laboratories, reprocessing plants or the uranium conversion facilities. The hybrid system represents a powerful technique for the prompt identification and quantification of the effluents with various radionuclide contents to determine the corresponding external dose rate accordingly.

Abstract: An interactive combination of Phoswich detector array (PDA) and differential absorption lidar (DIAL) is proposed to trace the unknown radioactive plumes released into the atmosphere from a reactor stack, containment of the nuclear power plants, radioisotope separation laboratories, reprocessing plants or the uranium conversion facilities. The hybrid system represents a powerful technique for the prompt identification and quantification of the effluents with various radionuclide contents to determine the corresponding external dose rate accordingly.

Abstract: A machine for detecting sulfur hexafluoride (SF6) leaks using the mid-infrared differential absorption lidar (DIAL) technique with a commercically available, air-cooled, compact, pulsed transversely-excited-atmospheric (TEA) carbon dioxide (CO.sub.2) laser, a Cassegranian optical telescope for focusing both the laser emission and returning reflected signal, a user-operated focusing mechanism, a two-dimensional, thermoelectrically-cooled focal plane array (FPA) sensitive in the mid-infrared wavelength range (10.2-10.6 micrometers), a charge-coupled device (CCD) for 2-D imaging, a computer-based control system to rapidly switch the laser wavelength between 10.2470 micrometers, 10.7415 micrometers, and 10.5518 micrometers to utilize the Differential Absorption Lidar (DIAL) chemical detection technique, a rechargeable battery pack and power supply, and an image and data storage device using a solid-state memory stick.