Abstract: Technologies for determining the accuracy of three-dimensional models include a device having circuitry to obtain two-dimensional images of an anatomical object (e.g., a bone of a human joint), to obtain a candidate three-dimensional model of the anatomical object, and to produce two-dimensional silhouettes of the candidate three-dimensional model. The circuitry is also to apply an edge detection algorithm to the two-dimensional images to produce corresponding edge images and to compare the two-dimensional silhouettes to the edge images to produce a score indicative of an accuracy of the candidate three-dimensional model.

Abstract: An orthopaedic surgical instrument includes a customized patient-specific surgical instrument having a body. A cutting guide slot extends through the body. A pair of first arms extends posteriorly from the body. Each arm includes a first customized patient-specific negative contour configured to receive a portion of a first corresponding positive contour of one of a patient's femoral condyles. A second arm extends proximally from the body. The second arm has a second customized patient-specific negative contour configured to receive a portion of a second corresponding positive contour of an anterior surface of the patient's femur. A method of performing a surgical procedure is also disclosed.

Abstract: Surgical systems and methods are disclosed, including, in one embodiment, a system having a coupling system disposed on a distal end portion of a surgical robot arm that secures a navigation array to the robot arm in a plurality of different orientations. The system further includes a navigation system configured to determine a precise location of the distal end portion by measuring a precise location of the navigation array by visually observing the navigation array, receiving a location of the coupling system via one or more encoders in the robot arm, determining the orientation of the navigation array relative to the robot arm based on the visual observation of the navigation array and the received location of the coupling system, and determining the precise location of the distal end portion of the surgical robot arm based on a known spatial relationship between the distal end portion and the coupling system.

Abstract: A model production device generates one or more contact bodies of a patient-specific surgical instrument model based on a parameterized model of a patient's bone. The parameterized model includes a predetermined number of polygons each having a predetermined position relative to the patient's anatomy. The parameterized model may be generated based on a three-dimensional model that was generated based on multiple images of the patient's bone. The model production device adds parametric fixed geometry to the patient-specific surgical instrument model based on the parameterized model and subtracts the three-dimensional model of the patient's bone from the patient-specific surgical instrument model. Each contacting body may be positioned at a high-confidence part of the parametric model, and the parametric fixed geometry may be positioned at a low-confidence part. A patient-specific surgical instrument may be manufactured based on the patient-specific surgical instrument model.

Abstract: Systems, methods, and devices are disclosed for surgical instruments, systems, and methods for preventing skiving of a drilling instrument during a robotic or robot-assisted surgery are disclosed. In one embodiment, a scan of a patient's anatomy can be performed to produce a model of the bone to be drilled into and analysis of the surface can determine if the curvature is such that, if a target trajectory for a bore were followed, skiving of the drilling instrument is likely. If so, an alternate anti-skiving trajectory can be determined. The anti-skiving trajectory of a bore differs from the target trajectory by at least one of entry point, diameter, axis, or depth.

Abstract: Technologies for determining the spatial orientation of input imagery to produce a three-dimensional model includes a device having circuitry to obtain two-dimensional images of an anatomical object (e.g., a bone of a human joint), to determine candidate values indicative of translation and rotation of the anatomical object in the two-dimensional images, and to produce, as a function of the obtained two-dimensional images and the candidate values, a candidate three-dimensional model of the anatomical object. The circuitry is also to determine a score indicative of an accuracy of the candidate three-dimensional model, to determine whether the score satisfies a threshold, and to produce, in response to a determination that the score satisfies the threshold, data indicating that the candidate three-dimensional model is an accurate representation of the anatomical object.

Abstract: A model production device generates one or more contact bodies of a patient-specific surgical instrument model based on a parameterized model of a patient's bone. The parameterized model includes a predetermined number of polygons each having a predetermined position relative to the patient's anatomy. The parameterized model may be generated based on a three-dimensional model that was generated based on multiple images of the patient's bone. The model production device adds parametric fixed geometry to the patient-specific surgical instrument model based on the parameterized model and subtracts the three-dimensional model of the patient's bone from the patient-specific surgical instrument model. Each contacting body may be positioned at a high-confidence part of the parametric model, and the parametric fixed geometry may be positioned at a low-confidence part. A patient-specific surgical instrument may be manufactured based on the patient-specific surgical instrument model.

Abstract: Technologies for determining the accuracy of three-dimensional models include a device having circuitry to obtain two-dimensional images of an anatomical object (e.g., a bone of a human joint), to obtain a candidate three-dimensional model of the anatomical object, and to produce two-dimensional silhouettes of the candidate three-dimensional model. The circuitry is also to apply an edge detection algorithm to the two-dimensional images to produce corresponding edge images and to compare the two-dimensional silhouettes to the edge images to produce a score indicative of an accuracy of the candidate three-dimensional model.

Abstract: An ultrasound probe for percutaneous insertion into an incision and related methods are disclosed herein, e.g., for imaging neural structures at a surgical site of a patient. An exemplary ultrasound probe can be a portable ultrasound probe configured to be passed percutaneously into an incision and can have an imaging region extending distally from a distal tip of the probe. In one embodiment the ultrasound probe can be a navigated portable ultrasound probe. The ultrasound probe can be connected to a computing station and configured to transmit images to the computing station for processing. In another embodiment, an ultrasound probe can be part of a network of sensors, including at least one external sensor, where the network of sensors is configured to transmit images to the computing station for processing. The computing station can process and display images to visualize and/or highlight neurological structures in an imaged region.

Abstract: An ultrasound probe for percutaneous insertion into an incision and related methods are disclosed herein, e.g., for imaging neural structures at a surgical site of a patient. An exemplary ultrasound probe can be a portable ultrasound probe configured to be passed percutaneously into an incision and can have an imaging region extending distally from a distal tip of the probe. In one embodiment the ultrasound probe can be a navigated portable ultrasound probe. The ultrasound probe can be connected to a computing station and configured to transmit images to the computing station for processing. In another embodiment, an ultrasound probe can be part of a network of sensors, including at least one external sensor, where the network of sensors is configured to transmit images to the computing station for processing. The computing station can process and display images to visualize and/or highlight neurological structures in an imaged region.

Abstract: Methods of designing and manufacturing a number of low-profile metallic customized, patient-specific orthopaedic surgical instruments are disclosed.

Abstract: A system may be configured to facilitate a medical procedure. Some embodiments may: acquire a scan corresponding to a region of interest (ROI); capture an image of a patient in real-time; identify, via a trained machine learning (ML) model using the acquired scan and the captured image, a Kambin's triangle; and overlay, on the captured image, a representation of the identified Kambin's triangle.

Abstract: Systems, methods, and devices are disclosed for surgical instruments, systems, and methods for preventing skiving of a drilling instrument during a robotic or robot-assisted surgery are disclosed. In one embodiment, a scan of a patient's anatomy can be performed to produce a model of the bone to be drilled into and analysis of the surface can determine if the curvature is such that, if a target trajectory for a bore were followed, skiving of the drilling instrument is likely. If so, an alternate anti-skiving trajectory can be determined. The anti-skiving trajectory of a bore differs from the target trajectory by at least one of entry point, diameter, axis, or depth.

Abstract: Technologies for determining the accuracy of three-dimensional models include a device having circuitry to obtain two-dimensional images of an anatomical object (e.g., a bone of a human joint), to obtain a candidate three-dimensional model of the anatomical object, and to produce two-dimensional silhouettes of the candidate three-dimensional model. The circuitry is also to apply an edge detection algorithm to the two-dimensional images to produce corresponding edge images and to compare the two-dimensional silhouettes to the edge images to produce a score indicative of an accuracy of the candidate three-dimensional model.

Abstract: An orthopaedic surgical instrument includes a customized patient-specific surgical instrument having a body. The body has a bone-facing surface and an outer surface positioned opposite the bone-facing surface. The body includes a number of bone-contacting segments raised relative to the bone-facing surface. The bone-contacting segment include negative contours shaped to match corresponding positive contours of a patient's bone. The positive contours correspond to silhouette curves of a three-dimensional model of the patient's bone that correspond to contours of the patient's bone captured in images used to generate the model. The body further includes a number of surgical guides extending from the outer surface to the bone-contacting surface or the bone-facing surfaces. A method associated with the instrument is also disclosed.

Abstract: Technologies for determining the accuracy of three-dimensional models include a device having circuitry to obtain two-dimensional images of an anatomical object (e.g., a bone of a human joint), to obtain a candidate three-dimensional model of the anatomical object, and to produce two-dimensional silhouettes of the candidate three-dimensional model. The circuitry is also to apply an edge detection algorithm to the two-dimensional images to produce corresponding edge images and to compare the two-dimensional silhouettes to the edge images to produce a score indicative of an accuracy of the candidate three-dimensional model.

Abstract: An orthopaedic surgical instrument includes a customized patient-specific surgical instrument having a body. The body has a bone-facing surface and an outer surface positioned opposite the bone-facing surface. The body includes a number of bone-contacting segments raised relative to the bone-facing surface. The bone-contacting segment include negative contours shaped to match corresponding positive contours of a patient's bone. The positive contours correspond to silhouette curves of a three-dimensional model of the patient's bone that correspond to contours of the patient's bone captured in images used to generate the model. The body further includes a number of surgical guides extending from the outer surface to the bone-contacting surface or the bone-facing surfaces. A method associated with the instrument is also disclosed.

Abstract: A model production device generates one or more contact bodies of a patient-specific surgical instrument model based on a parameterized model of a patient's bone. The parameterized model includes a predetermined number of polygons each having a predetermined position relative to the patient's anatomy. The parameterized model may be generated based on a three-dimensional model that was generated based on multiple images of the patient's bone. The model production device adds parametric fixed geometry to the patient-specific surgical instrument model based on the parameterized model and subtracts the three-dimensional model of the patient's bone from the patient-specific surgical instrument model. Each contacting body may be positioned at a high-confidence part of the parametric model, and the parametric fixed geometry may be positioned at a low-confidence part. A patient-specific surgical instrument may be manufactured based on the patient-specific surgical instrument model.

Abstract: Technologies for determining the spatial orientation of input imagery to produce a three-dimensional model includes a device having circuitry to obtain two-dimensional images of an anatomical object (e.g., a bone of a human joint), to determine candidate values indicative of translation and rotation of the anatomical object in the two-dimensional images, and to produce, as a function of the obtained two-dimensional images and the candidate values, a candidate three-dimensional model of the anatomical object. The circuitry is also to determine a score indicative of an accuracy of the candidate three-dimensional model, to determine whether the score satisfies a threshold, and to produce, in response to a determination that the score satisfies the threshold, data indicating that the candidate three-dimensional model is an accurate representation of the anatomical object.

Abstract: Surgical systems and methods are disclosed, including, in one embodiment, a system having a coupling system disposed on a distal end portion of a surgical robot arm that secures a navigation array to the robot arm in a plurality of different orientations. The system further includes a navigation system configured to determine a precise location of the distal end portion by measuring a precise location of the navigation array by visually observing the navigation array, receiving a location of the coupling system via one or more encoders in the robot arm, determining the orientation of the navigation array relative to the robot arm based on the visual observation of the navigation array and the received location of the coupling system, and determining the precise location of the distal end portion of the surgical robot arm based on a known spatial relationship between the distal end portion and the coupling system.