Abstract: An optogenetic system and method for preventing or halting seizures. The system and method use a sensor for monitoring the activity of a neural network containing a group of target neurons, and generating an input signal indicative of said activity, the target neurons being excitatory neurons. Excitatory stimulation is delivered in the form of an optical signal by an optical stimulator to the target neurons, the optical signal being determined based on the input signal, to reduce the overall activity of the target neurons.

Abstract: An optrode arrangement for delivering optical stimulation to target tissue in a patient, the optrode arrangement comprising an implantable optrode comprising at least one electrically powered light emitter and an electrical circuit and control lines for controlling the light emitter, whereby an associated controller has two modes of operation: a stimulation mode in which it is configured to control the light emitter to deliver optical stimulation to the target tissue and a diagnostic mode in which it is configured to determine a condition of the light emitter and/or the optrode.

Abstract: A temperature sensor comprising a light emitter, an electrical circuit for applying a reverse bias voltage across the light emitter and for measuring a reverse current, and means for calculating a temperature from the measured reverse current.

Abstract: A method of cutting (e.g. micro-milling) brittle materials where a protective ductile layer is present on the brittle material during the cutting step. The method offers an improved edge quality of the machined profile relative to previous cutting (e.g. micro-milling) techniques. A machined product obtained by or obtainable by this method is disclosed.

Abstract: An optical stimulation arrangement including a light-emitting device, implantable in an environment with an associated ground voltage, the light emitting device including: a light emitting element; an anode; and a cathode; and a controller for driving the light-emitting device in a biphasic manner.

Abstract: An optogenetic system and method for preventing or halting seizures. The system and method use a sensor for monitoring the activity of a neural network containing a group of target neurons, and generating an input signal indicative of said activity, the target neurons being excitatory neurons. Excitatory stimulation is delivered in the form of an optical signal by an optical stimulator to the target neurons, the optical signal being determined based on the input signal, to reduce the overall activity of the target neurons.

Abstract: A temperature sensor comprising a light emitter, an electrical circuit for applying a reverse bias voltage across the light emitter and for measuring a reverse current, and means for calculating a temperature from the measured reverse current.

Abstract: An optrode arrangement for delivering optical stimulation to target tissue in a patient, the optrode arrangement comprising an implantable optrode comprising at least one electrically powered light emitter and an electrical circuit and control lines for controlling the light emitter, whereby an associated controller has two modes of operation: a stimulation mode in which it is configured to control the light emitter to deliver optical stimulation to the target tissue and a diagnostic mode in which it is configured to determine a condition of the light emitter and/or the optrode.

Abstract: This invention describes a device for optical stimulation of cells and other biological structures. It has an ability to target multiple cells and/or multiple sub-cellular targets. The stimulation optical pattern on each cell can be independently controlled with individual frequencies. The light sensitivity of the cells can be imparted as a result of genetic expression of surface and/or subsurface proteins, chemical modification of existing proteins, or via the release of caged entities which in turn act to stimulate the cell through chemical means. The embodiment is capable of functioning on neurons but can also be used for other cells. It can perform optimal stimulation with sub-cellular resolutions, record the activity of the targeted cells and perform processing to ensure calibration.

Abstract: A retinal prosthetic device comprises image capture means (20) arranged to capture an image, light producing means (30) arranged to define a plurality of light paths along each of which a light beam can be directed towards a respective position on a retina, and control means (24) arranged to process the captured image and control the light producing means so as to produce a stimulating array of light beams along a group of the light paths, the group being dependent upon the captured image.

Abstract: A method of manufacturing a microfluidic structure, in particular a biochip, said method consisting at least: