Abstract: A system includes an algae bioreactor that contains an algae slurry, a heat exchanger in fluid communication with the algae bioreactor to receive the algae slurry from the algae bioreactor and heat and increase a pressure of the algae slurry, and one or more valves and a flash vessel in fluid communication with a discharge of the heat exchanger to flash the algae slurry and create steam and algae biomass. A separator receives the algae biomass from the flash vessel and separates oils from the algae biomass to generate a biofuel.

Abstract: A plastic shield removably attached to an orthodontic appliance comprising a pliable C-shaped strip having projecting legs which flex outwardly over the appliance when the strip is pressed digitally thereagainst. The legs carry one or more longitudinally extending ridges which cam over the appliance and are thereafter biased against the brackets or the ligatures of the appliance in the manner of a flexural clamp or detent.

Abstract: A container having an externally threaded pour spout on which an internally threaded cap is screwed. A tamper-proof, removable, membrane-like or diaphragm-like closure for the spout is secured to the circumferential lip of the spout with a peelable seal. The membrane-like closure has an elongated pull tab extending therefrom, by pulling on which the closure may be peeled off the end of the spout. The external threads on the spout are interrupted so as to provide a groove in which the pull tab resides out of engagement or interference with the external and internal threads on the spout and cap.