Abstract: A method of forming PV layers in which, during the curing process, an additional reaction accelerates and improves curing. In a particularly advantageous embodiment, a double layer sequence having a plastic matrix in which continuous metal particles and, in the upper layer, alkaline-solubilised siloxane portions and metal particles are provided, allows, by means of combined definitive curing during the alkaline-solubilisation, the production of a PV layer sequence with which industrial waste heat/long-wave IR radiation can be utilised photovoltaically. The active exploitation of industrial waste heat/heat/body heat offers clear, financially-viable advantages in a great number of fields.

Abstract: PV layer sequences and corresponding production methods which can reliably provide a PV function with a long service life despite very low production costs. This is achieved by a reactive conditioning process of inorganic particles as part of a room-temperature printing method; the reactive surface conditioning process adjusts the PV activity in a precise manner, provides a kinetically controlled reaction product, and can ensure the desired PV activity even when using technically pure starting materials with 97% purity. In concrete embodiments, particles are printed in composite so as to form sub-sections on a support. Each sub-section has a reductively treated section and an oxidatively treated section, and the sections have PV activity with opposite signs. The sections can be cascaded in rows via upper-face contacts, and a precise light-dependent potential sum can be tapped via a PV measuring group.

Abstract: The invention provides a suitable method and an appropriate, PV film structure. This aim is achieved by a room temperature method in which aqueous dispersions are printed onto a substrate and cured by an accompanying reaction. The accompanying reaction forms gradients and also nanoscale structures at the film boundaries, which produce a PV active film having standard performance and a higher stability. At around 10% efficiency, stability and no initial loss in performance in the climatic chamber test can be obtained and over a 20 year test period, consistently less fluctuation can be achieved. The method is free from tempering or sintering steps, enables the use of technically pure, advantageous starting materials and makes the PV film structure available as a finished, highly flexible cell for a fraction of the typical investment in production or distribution.

Abstract: The present method for the first time proposes a method for producing an electrotechnical thin layer which makes it possible to carry out process control at room temperature by using an additional reagent, thereby providing stable, thin layers in a very short time. Capacitive accumulators that could replace a Li-ion battery in a tablet PC and more far-reaching applications are thus possible even for cases of gross, industrial process control.

Abstract: Electrotechnical thin layers usable as heating resistance and/or substrate for conductor layers are produced at high cost and extremely slowly in the established methods. Industrial-scale methods that provide sufficient speed at room temperature are not available. This problem is solved by a room temperature printing process, wherein a redox-reactively deposited, graphite-containing base layer printed at room temperature is obtained, onto which a metal, by redox reaction during print, forms a metal layer in the micrometer scale within minutes to a few seconds in a corresponding manner. The double layer thus obtainable in one printing process is highly flexible, allows soldering to copper layers, and can be used particularly advantageously as a thin-layer heater.

Abstract: PV layer sequences and corresponding production methods which can reliably provide a PV function with a long service life despite very low production costs. This is achieved by a reactive conditioning process of inorganic particles as part of a room-temperature printing method; the reactive surface conditioning process adjusts the PV activity in a precise manner, provides a kinetically controlled reaction product, and can ensure the desired PV activity even when using technically pure starting materials with 97% purity. In concrete embodiments, particles are printed in composite so as to form sub-sections on a support. Each sub-section has a reductively treated section and an oxidatively treated section, and the sections have PV activity with opposite signs. The sections can be cascaded in rows via upper-face contacts, and a precise light-dependent potential sum can be tapped via a PV measuring group.

Abstract: The present method for the first time proposes a method for producing an electrotechnical thin layer which makes it possible to carry out process control at room temperature by using an additional reagent, thereby providing stable, thin layers in a very short time. Capacitive accumulators that could replace a Li-ion battery in a tablet PC and more far-reaching applications are thus possible even for cases of gross, industrial process control.

Abstract: The invention provides a suitable method and an appropriate PV film structure. This aim is achieved by a room temperature method in which aqueous dispersions are printed onto a substrate and cured by an accompanying reaction. The accompanying reaction forms gradients and also nanoscale structures at the film boundaries, which produce a PV active film having standard performance and a higher stability. At around 10% efficiency, stability and no initial loss in performance in the climatic chamber test can be obtained and over a 20 year test period, consistently less fluctuation can be achieved. The method is free from tempering or sintering steps, enables the use of technically pure, advantageous starting materials and makes the PV film structure available as a finished, highly flexible cell for a fraction of the typical investment in production or distribution.

Abstract: A method of forming PV layers in which, during the curing process, an additional reaction accelerates and improves curing. In a particularly advantageous embodiment, a double layer sequence having a plastic matrix in which continuous metal particles and, in the upper layer, alkaline-solubilised siloxane portions and metal particles are provided, allows, by means of combined definitive curing during the alkaline-solubilisation, the production of a PV layer sequence with which industrial waste heat/long-wave IR radiation can be utilised photovoltaically. The active exploitation of industrial waste heat/heat/body heat offers clear, financially-viable advantages in a great number of fields.

Abstract: Electrotechnical thin layers which can be used as a heating resistor and/or substrate for conductive layers are produced, in established methods, at high prices and extremely slowly. This problem is solved by virtue of a redox-reactively-deposited base layer which contains graphite, is formed at room temperature and on which, in the same sense, a metal forms a micrometer-scale metal layer within minutes to a few seconds by means of a redox reaction, at room temperature and during the definitive curing process. The double layer made available in this manner is highly flexible, allows soldering on copper layers, and can be used particularly advantageously as a thin-layer heating system.

Abstract: The invention relates to an optical arrangement for transmitting a structure from a mask (4), and for the corresponding irradiation of a substrate (7). Said optical arrangement comprises a region for expanding a light beam (13) upstream of the mask (4), and a region for converging the light (15) downstream of the mask (4). The light beam can be expanded upstream of the mask both by means of a lens arrangement (2, 3) and by means of an optical mirror element (31, 32, 33, 51, 52, 53), and the beam of rays can be converged or combined analogously by means of a lens arrangement (5, 6) or an optical mirror element (37, 38, 39, 59). A laser source can be used as a light source (1), and a slide or a shutter can be used as the mask.

Abstract: A device with a cavity resonator comprises a housing (3, 4, 12) made of electrically conductive material. A reflector unit (11), a microwave unit (9) and a partially reflecting reflector unit (5) are provided inside the housing (3, 4, 12), the housing (4) having a radiation opening (13). The reflector unit (11), the microwave unit (9), the partially reflecting reflector unit (5) and the radiation opening (13) are situated on a radiation axis (14), the microwave unit (9) being placed between the reflector units (5, 11). In addition, a distance between the reflector unit (11) and the partially reflecting reflector unit (5) corresponds to half a wavelength to be generated or to be detected or to several times this half wavelength. At the same time, a measurement transversal to the radiation axis (14) is at least one fourth of the wavelength.

Abstract: A laser arrangement exhibits a laser rod or a laser tube (3) as well as a high-voltage connection (19) for generating the laser beam. This laser arrangement has, in addition to the high-voltage connection, at least one electromagnetic radiation source (25) in the region of the laser rod or laser tube, which is provided for initiating the laser. The laser exhibits the special function that it can be initiated by means of additional radiation source. Essential features are: initiation by action of external electromagnetic radiation source, for example light, x-rays, microwaves or other electromagnetic waves. What is more, the laser exhibits the special feature that in the case of a so-called mixed-light, white-light or mixed-frequency laser or maser, what is emitted in the emission of the laser or also maser is not the full spectrum but only the radiation excited by the additional radiation source.

Abstract: A method for determining clinical and/or chemical parameters (S1) in a medium (10), utilizing a laser unit, for emitting coherent light waves (6) and a phototransistor unit, for receiving light waves (8). At least some of the emitted light waves (6) are transferred to the medium (10) and the phototransistor unit waves (8) measures at least some of the light waves (8) that are reflected in the medium (10), the parameters (S1) being determined as a result of the characteristics of the emitted and received light waves (6; 8). The fact that light waves (6) are emitted into the medium (10) by a laser unit (2) and that the light waves (8) that are reflected in the medium (10) are measured by a phototransistor (4) enables the parameters (S1) that occur in the target area of the laser beam to be determined advantageously in a processing and control unit.

Abstract: A filter unit (10) for filtering light comprising a first mask (3) with first cavities, a prism unit (7) and a second mask (8) with second cavities. The prism unit (7) is located between the two masks (3, 8), the first (3) and the second mask (8) having corresponding first and second cavities, which form cavity pairs. At least one second cavity in the second mask (8) is provided for each first cavity in the first mask (3). In addition, one prism is provided in the prism unit (7) for at least one pair of cavities. This produces an accurate, narrow-band filter unit. An assembly comprising the filter unit and a device for capturing images are also disclosed.

Abstract: A light unit for generating light rays with differing wavelengths is disclosed. The light unit has a light source unit (34), a mirror unit (80), a carrier unit (30), an output window (50) comprising an opening (60) and a pressure generation unit (12). The light source unit (34) and the pressure generation element (32) are contained in the carrier unit (30), which has a longitudinal axis (40) that runs substantially parallel to the generated light rays and the mirror unit (80) and the output window (50) are located at opposite ends of the carrier unit (30). In addition, the pressure generation unit (32) generates a force that acts on the light source unit (34). The mirror unit (80) and/or the output window (50) can be displaced in relation to the carrier unit (30) and/or tilted in relation to the longitudinal axis (40) by at least one displacement element (52, . . . , 56), in conjunction with the force that is exerted on the light source unit (34) by the pressure generation element (32).