Patents by Inventor Paul A. Solomon
Paul A. Solomon has filed for patents to protect the following inventions. This listing includes patent applications that are pending as well as patents that have already been granted by the United States Patent and Trademark Office (USPTO).
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Publication number: 20230288390Abstract: A method for monitoring air quality is described. The method includes measuring environmental components at multiple locations using multiple mobile sensor platforms to provide sensor data. The environmental components include particulate matter having a size range and ambient gases. The sensor data includes particulate matter data having the size range and ambient gas data captured at the plurality of locations. The method also includes determining a signature based on the particulate matter data including the size range, and at least one additional factor. The at least one additional factor includes the ambient gas data. The method also includes identifying a source based on the signature.Type: ApplicationFiled: February 9, 2023Publication date: September 14, 2023Inventors: Melissa M. Lunden, Caroline Parworth, Paul A. Solomon, Rishabh Urvesh Shah, Davida Herzl
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Patent number: 11366874Abstract: Embodiments for implementing a softmax function in an analog circuit. The analog circuit may comprise a plurality of input nodes to accept voltage inputs; a plurality of diodes connected to each of the plurality of input nodes to perform a current adding function; a log amplifier coupled to the plurality of diodes; a plurality of analog adders coupled to the voltage inputs and an output of the log amplifier; and a plurality of exponential amplifiers, each of the plurality of exponential amplifiers coupled to one of the plurality of analog adders.Type: GrantFiled: November 23, 2018Date of Patent: June 21, 2022Assignee: INTERNATIONAL BUSINESS MACHINES CORPORATIONInventors: Dennis Newns, Paul Solomon, Xiaodong Cui, Jin Ping Han, Xin Zhang
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Patent number: 11320411Abstract: The invention relates to a device for measuring, in near-real-time, the level of black carbon, brown carbon, organic carbon, total carbon and CO2 in air. The device also provides for a direct calculation of aerosol angstrom coefficient as well as estimation of emissions rates of black carbon or brown carbon from nearby combustion sources.Type: GrantFiled: February 28, 2019Date of Patent: May 3, 2022Assignees: GOVERNMENT OF THE UNITED STATES AS REPRESENTED BY THE ADMINISTRATOR OF THE U.S. ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY, THE REGENTS OF THE UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIAInventors: Paul A. Solomon, Thomas Kirchstetter
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Patent number: 11055610Abstract: A CMOS-based resistive processing unit (RPU) for a neural network. The RPU includes a capacitor device configured to store a charge representing a weight value associated with a neural network circuit operation. A current source Field Effect Transistor (FET) device is operatively connected to the capacitor device for increasing a charge on the capacitor. A current sink FET device operatively connected to the capacitor device is configured for decreasing the stored capacitor charge. An analog weight update circuit receives one or more update signals generated in conjunction with the neural network circuit operation, the analog weight update circuit controlling the current source FET device and the current sink FET device to provide either a determined amount of current to increase the stored charge on the capacitor device, or sink a determined amount of current to decrease the stored charge on the capacitor device.Type: GrantFiled: June 30, 2017Date of Patent: July 6, 2021Assignee: International Business Machines CorporationInventors: Yulong Li, Paul Solomon, Effendi Leobandung, Chun-Chen Yeh, Seyoung Kim
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Patent number: 11055611Abstract: A CMOS-based resistive processing unit (RPU) and method for a neural network. The RPU includes a capacitor device configured to store a charge representing a weight value associated with a neural network circuit operation. A current source Field Effect Transistor (FET) device is operatively connected to the capacitor device for increasing a charge on the capacitor. A current sink FET device operatively connected to the capacitor device is configured for decreasing the stored capacitor charge. An analog weight update circuit receives one or more update signals generated in conjunction with the neural network circuit operation, the analog weight update circuit controlling the current source FET device and the current sink FET device to provide either a determined amount of current to increase the stored charge on the capacitor device, or sink a determined amount of current to decrease the stored charge on the capacitor device.Type: GrantFiled: November 21, 2017Date of Patent: July 6, 2021Assignee: International Business Machines CorporationInventors: Yulong Li, Paul Solomon, Effendi Leobandung, Chun-Chen Yeh, Seyoung Kim
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Patent number: 10830684Abstract: The method of the invention provides a simple, reproducible reference, or set of reference standards, as a validation of a calibration standard for filter-based measurements of light absorbing aerosol particles (black carbon and brown carbon) and organic carbon and elemental carbon particles found in indoor and outdoor environments, and in emission streams. The set of reference standards comprise grayscale images deposited by a mist or print at a known density on a substrate material. The reference standards may be made by a printer using as a substrate either paper or another material such as glass fiber, quartz fiber, polypropylene, or cellulose.Type: GrantFiled: October 15, 2018Date of Patent: November 10, 2020Assignee: GOVERNMENT OF THE UNITED STATES AS REPRESENTED BY THE ADMINISTRATOR OF THE U.S. ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCYInventors: Paul A. Solomon, Anthony D. A. Hansen, Anna-Marie Hyatt
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Patent number: 10707148Abstract: A field-effect transistor (FET) and method of manufacture thereof include patterning a mask above a source and drain of a FET to form holes in the mask, growing epitaxial structures from the holes in the mask, and growing a doped epitaxial shell to coat sidewalls of the epitaxial structures.Type: GrantFiled: September 30, 2019Date of Patent: July 7, 2020Assignee: INTERNATIONAL BUSINESS MACHINES CORPORATIONInventors: Guy Cohen, Christian Lavoie, Ahmet Serkan Ozcan, Paul Solomon
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Publication number: 20200167402Abstract: Embodiments for implementing a softmax function in an analog circuit. The analog circuit may comprise a plurality of input nodes to accept voltage inputs; a plurality of diodes connected to each of the plurality of input nodes to perform a current adding function; a log amplifier coupled to the plurality of diodes; a plurality of analog adders coupled to the voltage inputs and an output of the log amplifier; and a plurality of exponential amplifiers, each of the plurality of exponential amplifiers coupled to one of the plurality of analog adders.Type: ApplicationFiled: November 23, 2018Publication date: May 28, 2020Applicant: INTERNATIONAL BUSINESS MACHINES CORPORATIONInventors: Dennis NEWNS, Paul SOLOMON, Xiaodong CUI, Jin Ping HAN, Xin ZHANG
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Publication number: 20200027820Abstract: A field-effect transistor (FET) and method of manufacture thereof include patterning a mask above a source and drain of a FET to form holes in the mask, growing epitaxial structures from the holes in the mask, and growing a doped epitaxial shell to coat sidewalls of the epitaxial structures.Type: ApplicationFiled: September 30, 2019Publication date: January 23, 2020Inventors: Guy Cohen, Christian Lavoie, Ahmet Serkan Ozcan, Paul Solomon
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Patent number: 10541191Abstract: A field-effect transistor (FET) and method of manufacture thereof include a gate, a doped semiconductor structure formed on top of the planar source and drain regions, and a sheath of conducting materials flanking the formed doped semiconductor structure, where the sheath is perpendicular to a surface of the planar source and drain regions.Type: GrantFiled: November 17, 2017Date of Patent: January 21, 2020Assignee: INTERNATIONAL BUSINESS MACHINES CORPORATIONInventors: Guy Cohen, Christian Lavoie, Ahmet Serkan Ozcan, Paul Solomon
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Publication number: 20190293538Abstract: Microfabricated PM sensors measure concentrations of particulate matter (PM) in air. Some sensors improve the accuracy of measurements by accounting for the effect of ambient conditions (e.g., temperature or humidity) on mass-sensitive elements employed to determine a mass of the PM in a stream of air. Some sensors improve the accuracy of measurements by controlling humidity in the stream of air measured by mass-sensitive elements. Some sensors employ a plurality of mass-sensitive elements to extend the useful life of the PM sensor. Some sensors employ one or more mass-sensitive elements and heating elements to cause deposition and allow measurement of different sizes of PM. Some sensors can measure mass concentration of coarse PM in addition to fine PM in a stream of air. Some sensors control the flow rate of a stream of air measured by mass-sensitive elements. Some sensors include features to mitigate electromagnetic interference or electromagnetic signal loss.Type: ApplicationFiled: November 9, 2017Publication date: September 26, 2019Inventors: Igor PAPROTNY, Omid MAHDAVIPOUR, Dorsa FAHIMI, Lara GUNDEL, Richard WHITE, Paul SOLOMON, Ben GOULD, Frederick DOERING, Dave WOLSEY, Melissa LUNDEN, Stacy OZAKI
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Publication number: 20190277819Abstract: The invention relates to a device for measuring, in near-real-time, the level of black carbon, brown carbon, organic carbon, total carbon and CO2 in air. The device also provides for a direct calculation of aerosol angstrom coefficient as well as estimation of emissions rates of black carbon or brown carbon from nearby combustion sources.Type: ApplicationFiled: February 28, 2019Publication date: September 12, 2019Applicant: Government of the United States as Represented by The Administrator of the U.S.Environmental ProtectInventors: Paul A. SOLOMON, Thomas KIRCHSTETTER
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Publication number: 20190157187Abstract: A field-effect transistor (FET) and method of manufacture thereof include a gate, a pillar of grown on a top of the planar source and drain regions, and a conductive sheath flanking the pillar, the sheath is bent up, alongside, and over the gate.Type: ApplicationFiled: November 17, 2017Publication date: May 23, 2019Inventors: Guy Cohen, Christian Lavoie, Ahmet Serkan Ozcan, Paul Solomon
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Publication number: 20190113431Abstract: The method of the invention provides a simple, reproducible reference, or set of reference standards, as a validation of a calibration standard for filter-based measurements of light absorbing aerosol particles (black carbon and brown carbon) and organic carbon and elemental carbon particles found in indoor and outdoor environments, and in emission streams. The set of reference standards comprise grayscale images deposited by a mist or print at a known density on a substrate material. The reference standards may be made by a printer using as a substrate either paper or another material such as glass fiber, quartz fiber, polypropylene, or cellulose.Type: ApplicationFiled: October 15, 2018Publication date: April 18, 2019Applicant: GOVERNMENT OF THE UNITED STATES AS REPRESENTED BY THE ADMINISTRATOR OF THE U.S. ENVIRONMENTAL PROInventors: Paul A. SOLOMON, Anthony D.A. HANSEN, Anna-Marie HYATT
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Patent number: 10204907Abstract: A memory device including a plurality of memory unit cells arranged in a crossbar configuration for a neural network is provided. Each of the memory unit cells includes a readout transistor, a charging transistor, a discharging transistor, and a metal-insulator-metal (MIM) capacitor connected to one of source/drain regions of each of the charging transistor and the discharging transistor and a functional gate of the readout transistor for storing analog information.Type: GrantFiled: August 6, 2018Date of Patent: February 12, 2019Assignee: International Business Machines CorporationInventors: Effendi Leobandung, Yulong Li, Paul Solomon, Chun-Chen Yeh
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Publication number: 20190005381Abstract: A CMOS-based resistive processing unit (RPU) for a neural network. The RPU includes a capacitor device configured to store a charge representing a weight value associated with a neural network circuit operation. A current source Field Effect Transistor (FET) device is operatively connected to the capacitor device for increasing a charge on the capacitor. A current sink FET device operatively connected to the capacitor device is configured for decreasing the stored capacitor charge. An analog weight update circuit receives one or more update signals generated in conjunction with the neural network circuit operation, the analog weight update circuit controlling the current source FET device and the current sink FET device to provide either a determined amount of current to increase the stored charge on the capacitor device, or sink a determined amount of current to decrease the stored charge on the capacitor device.Type: ApplicationFiled: June 30, 2017Publication date: January 3, 2019Inventors: Yulong Li, Paul Solomon, Effendi Leobandung, Chun-Chen Yeh, Seyoung Kim
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Publication number: 20190005382Abstract: A CMOS-based resistive processing unit (RPU) and method for a neural network. The RPU includes a capacitor device configured to store a charge representing a weight value associated with a neural network circuit operation. A current source Field Effect Transistor (FET) device is operatively connected to the capacitor device for increasing a charge on the capacitor. A current sink FET device operatively connected to the capacitor device is configured for decreasing the stored capacitor charge. An analog weight update circuit receives one or more update signals generated in conjunction with the neural network circuit operation, the analog weight update circuit controlling the current source FET device and the current sink FET device to provide either a determined amount of current to increase the stored charge on the capacitor device, or sink a determined amount of current to decrease the stored charge on the capacitor device.Type: ApplicationFiled: November 21, 2017Publication date: January 3, 2019Inventors: Yulong Li, Paul Solomon, Effendi Leobandung, Chun-Chen Yeh, Seyoung Kim
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Publication number: 20190006366Abstract: A memory device including a plurality of memory unit cells arranged in a crossbar configuration for a neural network is provided. Each of the memory unit cells includes a readout transistor, a charging transistor, a discharging transistor, and a metal-insulator-metal (MIM) capacitor connected to one of source/drain regions of each of the charging transistor and the discharging transistor and a functional gate of the readout transistor for storing analog information.Type: ApplicationFiled: August 6, 2018Publication date: January 3, 2019Inventors: Effendi Leobandung, Yulong Li, Paul Solomon, Chun-Chen Yeh
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Patent number: 10079234Abstract: A memory device including a plurality of memory unit cells arranged in a crossbar configuration for a neural network is provided. Each of the memory unit cells includes a readout transistor, a charging transistor, a discharging transistor, and a metal-insulator-metal (MIM) capacitor connected to one of source/drain regions of each of the charging transistor and the discharging transistor and a functional gate of the readout transistor for storing analog information.Type: GrantFiled: June 28, 2017Date of Patent: September 18, 2018Assignee: International Business Machines CorporationInventors: Effendi Leobandung, Yulong Li, Paul Solomon, Chun-Chen Yeh
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Patent number: 9718017Abstract: A multi-filter chemical speciation sampler and a virtual impaction particle separation inlet therefore are provided. The inlet includes a housing having a bottom, a collection tube that extends through the bottom, and collection apertures formed in the bottom, arranged around the collection tube; a first plate disposed on top of the housing, having acceleration nozzles disposed at the perimeter thereof; a second plate disposed in the housing below the first plate, having a central aperture and separation apertures disposed around the central aperture. The sampler includes: an inlet; a virtual impaction separator to further fractionate the PM into a course fraction and a fine fraction; a first separation assembly to divide the course fraction into coarse aliquots, comprising first filters to collect the coarse aliquots; a second separation assembly to divide the fine fraction into fine aliquots, comprising second filters to collect the fine aliquots.Type: GrantFiled: September 23, 2013Date of Patent: August 1, 2017Assignee: U.S. Environmental Protection AgencyInventor: Paul A. Solomon