Abstract: A RAID controller is disclosed. The controller controls at least one redundant array of physical disks, receives I/O requests for the array from host computers, and responsively generates disk commands for each of the disks. Some commands specify host computer user data, and others specify internally generated redundancy data. The controller executes coalescer code that maintains the commands on a queue for each disk. Whenever a disk completes a command, the coalescer determines whether there are two or more commands on the disk's queue that have the same read/write type and specify adjacent locations on the disk, and if so, coalesces them into a single command, and issues the coalesced command to the disk. The coalescer immediately issues a received command, rather than queuing it, if the number of pending commands to the disk is less than a maximum command depth, which may be different for each disk.

Abstract: A data storage system with a controller that receives shock data from a shock detection sensor and methods utilizing such a controller are provided. The data storage system controller receives information or signals regarding shock events from a shock sensor, enabling the data storage system controller to take remedial action. The particular remedial action taken may be dependent on the severity of the detected shock event. The data storage system controller may receive information regarding shock events from shock sensors provided separately from the data storage system controller, allowing the data storage system controller to take remedial action that is tailored to the locale of a shock event.

Abstract: A data storage system controller having a shock detection sensor and methods utilizing such a controller are provided. The data storage system controller receives information or signals regarding shock events from the associated shock sensor, enabling the data storage system controller to take remedial action. The particular remedial action taken may be dependent on the severity of the detected shock event. The data storage system controller may also receive information regarding shock events from shock sensors provided separately from the data storage system controller, allowing the data storage system controller to take remedial action that is tailored to the locale of a shock event.

Abstract: A temperature-controlled portable container for carrying an injector is provided. The temperature-controlled portable container includes an outer container and an inner container disposed within the outer container. The injector is stored within the inner container, and the inner container is constructed of a thermally conductive material. The temperature-controlled portable container also includes a temperature control device, which maintains an inner container temperature above a first predetermined temperature and below a second predetermined temperature, where the second predetermined temperature is higher than the first predetermined temperature. The temperature-controlled portable container also includes a processor subsystem and a portable power source. The portable power source is coupled to the temperature control device and the processor subsystem, and provides power to the temperature control device and the processor subsystem.

Abstract: A power and communication system for a mobile cart is provided. The system includes a wall unit, which includes a processor and a power circuit. The power circuit receives external power and provides switched AC power to the cart unit when the wall unit is engaged with the cart unit and the processor enables the power circuit. The system also includes a cart unit. The cart unit includes a memory device storing a signature. The memory device is coupled to the processor when the wall unit is engaged with the cart unit. The processor detects continuity when the wall unit is engaged with the cart unit, and in response, the processor reads the signature. The processor enables the power circuit if the signature is a valid signature, and disables the power circuit if the signature is invalid. The switched AC power recharges a rechargeable power source of the mobile cart.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for obscuring data held on a storage device associated with a storage system controller are provided. Data is obscured by swapping bit values according to a scrambling key, before the unit of data is stored on the storage device. Furthermore, multiple swaps or translations of bit values can be performed in sequence on a single unit of data. In order to descramble a unit of data, the translations of bit values applied during scrambling are performed in reverse order. Alternatively or in addition, data can be obscured by scrambling the bit values of an address associated with a unit of data.

Abstract: A data storage system with a controller that receives shock data from a shock detection sensor and methods utilizing such a controller are provided. The data storage system controller receives information or signals regarding shock events from a shock sensor, enabling the data storage system controller to take remedial action. The particular remedial action taken may be dependent on the severity of the detected shock event. The data storage system controller may receive information regarding shock events from shock sensors provided separately from the data storage system controller, allowing the data storage system controller to take remedial action that is tailored to the locale of a shock event.

Abstract: A data storage system controller having a shock detection sensor and methods utilizing such a controller are provided. The data storage system controller receives information or signals regarding shock events from the associated shock sensor, enabling the data storage system controller to take remedial action. The particular remedial action taken may be dependent on the severity of the detected shock event. The data storage system controller may also receive information regarding shock events from shock sensors provided separately from the data storage system controller, allowing the data storage system controller to take remedial action that is tailored to the locale of a shock event.

Abstract: Methods and systems for managing user access to a storage system controller are provided. In particular, user login requirements and permissions are administered, and individual user and external user interface pairs are tracked, through a user table and a session table established as part of the storage system controller. The external user interfaces may be interconnected to the storage system controller through different networks and/or protocols. User authentication and access levels are established with reference to a user table, while sessions for different user and external interface pairs are maintained in the session table.

Abstract: A write-caching RAID controller includes a CPU that manages transfers of posted-write data from host computers to a volatile memory and transfers of the posted-write data from the volatile memory to a redundant array of storage devices when a main power source is supplying power to the RAID controller. A memory controller transfers the posted-write data received from the host computers to the volatile memory and transfers the posted-write data from the volatile memory for transfer to the redundant array of storage devices as managed by the CPU. The memory controller flushes the posted-write data from the volatile memory to the non-volatile memory when main power fails, during which time capacitors provide power to the memory controller, volatile memory, and non-volatile memory, but not to the CPU, in order to reduce the energy storage requirements of the capacitors.

Abstract: Methods and systems for managing user access to a storage system storage controller are provided. In particular, user login requirements and permissions are administered, and individual user and external user interface pairs are tracked, through a user table and a session table established as part of the storage system controller. The external user interfaces may be interconnected to the storage system controller through different networks and/or protocols. Notification of events to external interfaces is performed as part of a task running on the storage system controller. In particular, an event notification manager determines whether notification of an event should be provided in connection with active sessions, with the result that the storage system controller only sends notification of events that have not previously been reported to a user and external interface pair.

Abstract: A redundant storage controller system that robustly provides failure analysis information (FAI) to an operator of the system is disclosed. The system includes first and second storage controllers in communication with one another, such as via a PCI-Express link. When one of the controllers fails, the FAI is transferred from the failed controller to the surviving controller over the link. The operator issues a command to the surviving storage controller, which responsively provides the FAI. In one embodiment, the failed storage controller writes the FAI to the second storage controller. In one embodiment, each storage controller periodically writes the FAI before there is a failure. In one embodiment, the second storage controller reads the FAI from the failed storage controller. The FAI may include boot logs, crash logs, debug logs, and event logs. The FAI may also be written to a disk drive connected to the controllers.

Abstract: A system and method for optimizing accesses to storage devices based on RAID I/O request characteristics is disclosed. A current I/O request processed by a storage controller is analyzed for relative locality to a previous I/O request, and adjusted over time such that storage device accesses will be efficiently conducted with respect to sequential or random workloads. A storage device access profile is maintained for each storage device based on sequential or random locality characteristics of previous RAID I/O requests. The chunk locations of the two most recent accesses are sampled according to predetermined criteria in order to create a storage device access profile, which governs queue depth and I/O size parameters used to communicate with storage devices. By managing I/O requests to storage devices using this invention, performance of such a storage controller will be optimized for changing random and sequential workloads.

Abstract: A data storage system configured for efficient mirroring of data between paired redundant controllers is provided. More particularly, in response to the receipt of customer data from a host for storage, a first controller segments the received customer data into one or more frames of data. In addition, the first controller determines or associates certain metadata for each frame of customer data, and inserts that metadata in the corresponding frame. The frames, including the metadata, are provided to a secondary controller. The secondary controller stores the customer data from a received frame in memory, and stores the corresponding metadata in another location of memory that is indexed to the location where the customer data was stored. The secondary controller may also associate a count value with each frame of data in order to distinguish the most recent frame of data should frames in memory have matching metadata.

Abstract: A method, device, and system are provided for the automatically assigning identification numbers or enclosure IDs to enclosures in a data storage system. Each enclosure is assigned a unique enclosure ID that can be used to reference the enclosure in the data storage system. The enclosure IDs are generated and assigned to enclosures based on the network topology. Specifically, each enclosure is assigned an enclosure ID that not only uniquely identifies the enclosure but the enclosure ID can be used to determine the location of the enclosure in the data storage system.

Abstract: A system for performing an efficient mirrored posted-write operation having first and second RAID controllers in communication via a PCI-Express link is disclosed. The first bus bridge transmits a PCI-Express memory write request TLP to the second bus bridge. The TLP header includes an indication of whether the first CPU requests a certification that certifies the payload data has been written to the second write cache memory. If the indication requests the certification, the second bus bridge automatically transmits the certification to the first bus bridge independent of the second CPU, after writing the payload data to the second write cache memory. The first bus bridge generates an interrupt to the first CPU in response to receiving the certification. The certified transfer may be used to validate and/or invalidate mirrored copies of a write cache directory on the RAID controllers, among other uses.

Abstract: A write-caching RAID controller is disclosed. The controller includes a CPU that manages transfers of posted-write data from host computers to a volatile memory and transfers of the posted-write data from the volatile memory to storage devices when a main power source is supplying power to the RAID controller. A memory controller flushes the posted-write data from the volatile memory to the non-volatile memory when main power fails, during which time capacitors provide power to the memory controller, volatile memory, and non-volatile memory, but not to the CPU, in order to reduce the energy storage requirements of the capacitors. During main power provision, the CPU programs the memory controller with information needed to perform the flush operation, such as the location and size of the posted-write data in the volatile memory and various flush operation characteristics.

Abstract: A battery-backed write-caching mass storage controller is disclosed. The controller includes a plurality of volatile memory banks for caching write data prior to being written to disk drives. Critical data is stored into a first subset of the memory banks, leaving a second subset of memory banks storing only non-critical data. Critical data is data that must be retained during a main power loss to avoid loss of write-cached user data. Critical data includes the write-cached user data itself, as well as metadata describing the write-cached user data. When the controller detects a loss of main power, the controller causes the critical memory banks to receive battery power, but disables battery power to the non-critical memory banks in order to extend the length of time the critical memory banks can continue to receive battery power to reduce the likelihood of user data loss.

Abstract: A system and method for optimizing accesses to storage devices based on RAID I/O request characteristics is disclosed. A current I/O request processed by a storage controller is analyzed for relative locality to a previous I/O request, and adjusted over time such that storage device accesses will be efficiently conducted with respect to sequential or random workloads. A storage device access profile is maintained for each storage device based on sequential or random locality characteristics of previous RAID I/O requests. The chunk locations of the two most recent accesses are sampled according to predetermined criteria in order to create a storage device access profile, which governs queue depth and I/O size parameters used to communicate with storage devices. By managing I/O requests to storage devices using this invention, performance of such a storage controller will be optimized for changing random and sequential workloads.

Abstract: A write-caching RAID controller includes a CPU that manages transfers of posted-write data from host computers to a volatile memory and transfers of the posted-write data from the volatile memory to a redundant array of storage devices when a main power source is supplying power to the RAID controller. A memory controller transfers the posted-write data received from the host computers to the volatile memory and transfers the posted-write data from the volatile memory for transfer to the redundant array of storage devices as managed by the CPU. The memory controller flushes the posted-write data from the volatile memory to the non-volatile memory when main power fails, during which time capacitors provide power to the memory controller, volatile memory, and non-volatile memory, but not to the CPU, in order to reduce the energy storage requirements of the capacitors.