Abstract: A waste heat recovery system for recovering rejected heat of an internal combustion engine includes a turbine expander. The turbine expander outputs power based on a working fluid and includes a turbine blade that is rotatable by the working fluid, a shaft that is coupled to and rotatable by the turbine blade and extends along a longitudinal axis, and a nozzle assembly for directing the working fluid to the turbine blade for rotating the turbine blade. The nozzle assembly includes a nozzle housing disposed about the shaft and adjacent the turbine blade, and a nozzle for accelerating the working fluid. The nozzle component defines a nozzle throat having a geometrical configuration. The waste heat recovery system further includes a passive control coupled to the nozzle component for directing the working fluid.

Abstract: The flow path of exhaust gas to the turbine wheel (70) of a twin volute turbocharger is influenced by the shape and size of the nozzle formed by the shape (22) of the divider wall (21) and the shape of the flow passage determined by the walls (85, 86) of the turbine housing. By moving the walls (85, 86) toward, or away from the divider wall, the flow of exhaust gas through the nozzle, to the turbine wheel (70) can be modulated, which thus modulates the turbocharger boost pressure. The invention also applies to single volute turbines.

Abstract: A direction changing flow duct, for example, a compressor inlet duct (34) for a turbocharger compressor cover, wherein the direction of flow is made to change abruptly in a short distance. The direction changing segment is designed to provide a balanced output, optimize air flow, minimize pressure drop, and maintain compressor efficiency. This can be accomplished by providing a bulge (81, 83, 84) extending radially inwards into a first duct segment, outward bulges perpendicular to the inward bulge, for promoting flow attachment along the walls of the duct.

Abstract: A turbocharger with a high pressure (HP) and low pressure (LP) stage, designed such that swirl in a conduit providing fluid communication between the LP compressor outlet and the HP compressor inlet is received by the second stage compressor counter to the direction of rotation of the second stage compressor wheel. This is achieved without requiring vanes such as inlet guide vanes, and thus is highly efficient as well as free of blockage and excitation.

Abstract: A restraint system (300, 300?, 500) for a vaned diffuser (225) of a turbocharger (100) or other fluid boosting device is provided that can reduce or eliminate losses. The system (300, 300?, 500) uses a structure to provide both a pressure load on the vaned diffuser (225) and a seal for the vaned diffuser (225). The structure can be a fluoroelastomer O-ring (350, 350?, 550). The O-ring (350, 350?, 550) can be positioned at least partially in a channel (325, 325?, 525) formed in at least one of the diffuser ring (206, 206?), the compressor housing (103) and the center housing (102).

Abstract: The flow path of exhaust gas to the turbine wheel (70) of a twin volute turbocharger is influenced by the shape and size of the nozzle formed by the shape (22) of the divider wall (21) and the shape of the flow passage determined by the walls (85, 86) of the turbine housing. By moving the walls (85, 86) toward, or away from the divider wall, the flow of exhaust gas through the nozzle, to the turbine wheel (70) can be modulated, which thus modulates the turbocharger boost pressure. The invention also applies to single volute turbines.

Abstract: A direction changing flow duct, for example, a compressor inlet duct (34) for a turbocharger compressor cover, wherein the direction of flow is made to change abruptly in a short distance. The direction changing segment is designed to provide a balanced output, optimize air flow, minimize pressure drop, and maintain compressor efficiency. This can be accomplished by providing a bulge (81, 83, 84) extending radially inwards into a first duct segment, outward bulges perpendicular to the inward bulge, for promoting flow attachment along the walls of the duct.

Abstract: A variable geometry turbocharger is provided. The turbocharger improves efficiency by controlling flow to the rotor (230) via movable vanes (260). The vanes (260) can be rotated using a pin (380, 480) and groove (385, 485) system. The vanes (260) can be multiple structures (710, 730) that are movable with respect to each other to increase the length of each of the vanes (260). The turbocharger also improves efficiency by creating a better seal in the area between the vanes (260) and the adjustment ring (240). The seal can be provided by biasing the adjustment ring (240) towards each of the vanes (260). The seal can be provided by expanding each of the vanes (260). The seal can be provided by having a movable portion (1150) of the adjustment ring (240) that is actuated by a pressure source or the like and axially moves towards the vanes (260). The plurality of vanes (260) can be low solidity vanes.

Abstract: A turbocharger is provided having a turbine wheel (4, 4?) with a plurality of extended tips (400, 400?); and a variable turbine geometry assembly in fluid communication with the turbine wheel and having a nozzle ring (6) with a plurality of vanes (7) movably attached thereto. One or more of the extended tips are non-parallel with an edge of one or more of the plurality of vanes. The incidence angle can vary and can be from 1 to 60 degrees. The extended tips can extend into an inlet of the vane space housing the vanes.

Abstract: A turbocharger with a high pressure (HP) and low pressure (LP) stage, designed such that swirl in a conduit providing fluid communication between the LP compressor outlet and the HP compressor inlet is received by the second stage compressor counter to the direction of rotation of the second stage compressor wheel. This is achieved without requiring vanes such as inlet guide vanes, and thus is highly efficient as well as free of blockage and excitation.

Abstract: A restraint system (300, 300?, 500) for a vaned diffuser (225) of a turbocharger (100) or other fluid boosting device is provided that can reduce or eliminate losses. The system (300, 300?, 500) uses a structure to provide both a pressure load on the vaned diffuser (225) and a seal for the vaned diffuser (225). The structure can be a fluoroelastomer O-ring (350, 350?, 550). The O-ring (350, 350?, 550) can be positioned at least partially in a channel (325, 325?, 525) formed in at least one of the diffuser ring (206, 206?), the compressor housing (103) and the center housing (102).