Abstract: Energy storage devices, battery cells, and batteries of the present technology may include a base plate. The batteries may include a first circuit board overlying the base plate. The batteries may include a battery stack overlying the first circuit board and electrically coupled with the first circuit board. The battery stack may include a plurality of battery cells. The battery stack may define an aperture through an active region of the battery stack. The batteries may include a second circuit board overlying the battery stack and electrically coupled with the battery stack. The batteries may include a compression plate overlying the second circuit board. The batteries may include a retaining member compressibly coupling the compression plate with the base plate. The retaining member may extend through the aperture through the active region of the battery stack.

Abstract: A gas sensor system and its method of fabrication is disclosed. The sensor system comprises an optrode, light source, and a light detector. In a sensor for hydrogen gas, the optrode is comprised of a porous substrate into which an intimate mixture of reagent and catalyst is incorporated. The mixture reacts with the hydrogen to produce a color/intensity change in relation to the concentration of gas. The optrode further includes a reversing agent, boron, to restore the benchmark conditions of the sensor system in real-time. The method of fabricating the optrode includes the steps of cleaning; etching to achieve the proper porosity; incorporating the reagent, catalyst, and reversing agent using capillary action; and removing excess reagent and catalyst.

Abstract: A preform for fabrication of a glass fiber optical transmission line is prepared by chemical reaction of vapor ingredients within a glass tube. Reaction, which may be between chlorides or hydrides of, for example, silicon and germanium with oxygen, occurs preferentially within a constantly traversing hot zone. Flow rates and temperature are sufficient to result in glass formation in the form of particulate matter on the inner surface of the tube. The particulate matter deposits on the tube and is fused with each passage of the hot zone. Continuous rotation of the tube during processing permits attainment of higher temperatures within the heated zone without distortion of the tube.

Abstract: A preform for fabrication of a glass fiber optical transmission line is prepared by chemical reaction of vapor ingredients within a glass tube. Reaction, which may be between chlorides or hydrides of, for example, silicon and germanium with oxygen, occurs preferentially within a constantly traversing hot zone. Flow rates and temperature are sufficient to result in glass formation in the form of particulate matter on the inner surface of the tube. This particulate matter deposits on the tube and is fused with each passage of the hot zone. Continuous rotation of the tube during processing permits attainment of higher temperatures within the heated zone without distortion of the tube.

Abstract: The time required to collapse an OH-rich silica tube can be reduced significantly by subjecting the tube to a deuterium/hydrogen exchange prior to its collapse.

Abstract: Iron oxide films for "see-through" photomasks are deposited upon heated substrates by chemical vapor deposition from iron pentacarbonyl in the presence of oxygen. The solubility of the iron oxide film is found to be higher, the lower the temperature of the substrate during deposition. At temperatures below 160 degrees C., films are obtained which can be patterned at reasonable rates by photolithographic procedures using conventional mild etchants.

Abstract: A preform for fabrication of a glass fiber optical transmission line is prepared by chemical reaction of vapor ingredients within a glass tube. Reaction, which may be between chlorides or hydrides of, for example, silicon and germanium with oxygen, occurs preferentially within a constantly traversing hot zone. Flow rates and temperature are sufficient to result in glass formation in the form of particulate matter on the inner surface of the tube. This particulate matter deposits on the tube and is fused with each passage of the hot zone. Continuous rotation of the tube during processing permits attainment of higher temperatures within the heated zone without distortion of the tube.

Abstract: Optical fiber preforms are produced by means of a duplex hot zone, a section of which is defined by an r.f. generated plasma fire ball. The process operates within a tube with gaseous precursor material reacting within the hot zone to result in deposited material of the desired preform glass composition. A "smoothing" region within the hot zone is defined by tube surface at a temperature sufficiently elevated to consolidate any particulate material resulting from reaction. In some aspects, the disclosed procedures may be regarded as Modified Chemical Vapor Deposition. Commercial significance resides in significantly increased throughput of preforms and, consequently, in fiber.

Abstract: An optical fiber fabrication method and apparatus are described which are capable of producing reproducible and uniform layers of fiber quality glass. The formation of a saturated stream of glass precursor vapor by condensation allows for the delivery of calibrated predetermined quantities of vapor to an appropriate fiber fabrication apparatus, thereby permitting improved fabrication characteristics.

Abstract: A preform for fabrication of a glass fiber optical transmission line is prepared by chemical reaction of vapor ingredients within a glass tube. Reaction, which may be between chlorides or hydrides of, for example, silicon and germanium with oxygen, occurs preferentially within a constantly traversing hot zone. Flow rates and temperature are sufficient to result in glass formation in the form of particulate matter on the inner surface of the tube. This particulate matter deposits on the tube and is fused with each passage of the hot zone. Continuous rotation of the tube during processing permits attainment of higher temperatures within the heated zone without distortion of the tube.

Abstract: Glass tubes which form an integral part of optical fiber preforms from which optical fibers are drawn are fabricated from tubular structures comprising amorphous powdery particles. The tubular structures are heated so as to fuse the particles thereby yielding a transparent tubular glass structure of optical fiber quality. During the fusing step, the structure is substantially constrained against shrinkage in both the radial and longitudinal direction thereby yielding a glass tube with improved dimensional characteristics.