Abstract: A packet network routing method and system based on geographic coordinate identifiers is described. Each node in a network is uniquely identified by absolute geographical coordinates or by a code indicating absolute location in an external coordinate-based reference system (node coordinates), and such absolute geographical coordinates or the equivalent are employed as part of a packet identifier for each packet generated for use in making routing decisions. The node coordinates of a local node and its neighboring nodes and the packet coordinates are used by means at each node through which a packet is routed for determining a desired forwarding route of a data packet. The routing may be prioritized according to preselected criteria, preferably achieving maximum forward progress using the least amount of power. The packet routing protocol according to the invention requires no routing directory or table to perform data routing.

Abstract: A converter applique that fits onto and retrofits existing low priced plain paper electrostatic copiers is discussed herein. The applique of the present invention contains all of the additional elements needed to provide the full functionality of a plain paper facsimile transceiver. Additionally, the applique of the present invention removably mounts on a plain paper copier and converts it to serve as a facsimile transceiver while preserving the functionality of the copier even when the applique is in place on the copier. Further the applique of the present invention makes no electrical contact with the internal circuits of the copier, and only makes mechanical contact to the non-movable portions of the outer case of the copier where it is positioned precisely to align the laser beam in the applique with the photosensitive drum within the copier.

Abstract: Various combinations of three elements are disclosed for use in accurate measurement of power through current measurement over a wide dynamic range, namely, a current shunt which is preferably an isothermal current shunt, a current transformer, which is preferably a high initial permeability current transformer, and a low-impedance burden load, which in the preferred embodiment includes an active negative impedance element which causes the removal of the effects of excitation current by canceling secondary winding resistance of the current transformer. In a specific embodiment of an isothermal current shunt according to the invention, a very linear device is achieved by construction out of copper in such a manner that the poor resistance versus temperature coefficient of copper does not affect the accuracy of measurement. Specifically, the shunt is constructed in an unbalanced isothermal bridge configuration, so that heat-induced variations are suppressed.

Abstract: A packet communications network and apparatus for communicating information in voice and data packets transmits and receives voice and data in accordance with standardized frames of a standardized communications format such as a standard DS-1 type trunk. An apparatus is coupled to multiplex standardized channels into a single channel wherein voice or data signals are packetized into independently addressable packets synchronized on, for example, the DS-1 frame. The network includes voice and packet data concentration apparatus operable in a multiple node trunk environment to concentrate signals into independently addressable synchronously switchable packets, thereby to provide an efficient (high density capacity) interface between trunk terminations. Up to four times as much information can be transferred between nodes with the ability to switch between nodes as compared to conventional TDM and PCM communication without compression without the ability to switch between nodes.

Abstract: This invention allows unmodified CCITT Group 3 and 4 facsimile transceivers to interactively select and retrieve facsimile pages from a shared facsimile data base FAX serve system ("FAX server"). The remote facsimile transceiver user marks a paper selector sheet forms using a pencil or pen. The selector sheet is transmitted via the remote facsimile transmitter, preferably in a turn-around polling mode, to the FAX server unit. The FAX server unit processes the facsimile signal rapidly, interpreting the selector sheet and selecting the pages desired to be retrieved prior to the normal CCITT Recommendation T.30 timeout, which would otherwise abort the line connection. The invention allows the requested information to be returned during the same telephone call. If turn-around polling is not available, then the FAX server initiates alternative strategies culminating in an automatic callback with the information desired.

Abstract: Various combinations of three elements are disclosed for use in accurate measurement of power through current measurement over a wide dynamic range, namely, a current shunt which is preferably an isothermal current shunt, a current transformer, which is preferably a high initial permeability current transformer, and a low-impedance burden load, which in the preferred embodiment includes an active negative impedance element which causes the removal of the effects of excitation current by canceling secondary winding resistance of the current transformer. In a specific embodiment of an isothermal current shunt according to the invention, a very linear device is achieved by construction out of copper in such a manner that the poor resistance versus temperature coefficient of copper does not affect the accuracy of measurement. Specifically, the shunt is constructed in an unbalanced isothermal bridge configuration, so that heat-induced variations are suppressed.

Abstract: A packet communications network and apparatus for communicating information in voice and data packets transmits and receives voice and data in accordance with standardized frames of a standardized communications format such as a standard DS-1 type trunk. An apparatus is coupled to multiplex standardized channels into a single channel wherein voice or data signals are packetized into independently addressable packets synchronized on, for example, the DS-1 frame. The network includes voice and packet data concentration apparatus operable in a multiple node trunk environment to concentrate signals into independently addressable synchronously switchable packets, thereby to provide an efficient (high data capacity) interface between trunk terminations. Up to four times as much information can be transferred between nodes with the ability to switch between nodes as compared to conventional TDM and PCM communication without compression without the ability to switch between nodes.

Abstract: A packet communications network and apparatus for communicating information in voice and data packets transmits and receives voice and data in accordance with standardized frames of a standardized communications format such as a standard DS-1 type trunk. An apparatus is coupled to multiplex standardized channels into a single channel wherein voice or data signals are packetized into independently addressable packets synchronized on, for example, the DS-1 frame. The network includes voice and packet data concentration apparatus operable in a multiple node trunk environment to concentrate signals into independently addressable synchronously switchable packets, thereby to provide an efficient (high data capacity) interface between trunk terminations. Up to four times as much information can be transferred between nodes with the ability to switch between nodes as compared to conventional TDM and PCM communication without compression without the ability to switch between nodes.

Abstract: A two-way (interactive) cable television system is disclosed which has distributed processing and which employs a cable-distribution subsystem that includes corrective regenerators each of which ignores noise (invalid signals) and, when overloaded, ignores (rejects) certain valid signals so as to favor older information (commands).

Abstract: A satellite communications system, which is inherently power limited, employing spread spectrum techniques in order to trade-off bandwidth for small ground station antennas. In a one-way system embodiment a central station transmits data to a satellite for relay to a large number of small antenna receiving stations, the transmissions being spread spectrum encoded with spreading code lengths selected to provide adequate data recovery at the least sensitive station to which the transmissions are directed. Spreading codes may also function to address particular stations. In a two-way system embodiment, the central station additionally functions as a terrestrial relay station.

Abstract: A high speed digital data modem particularly suited for use on a dial up telephone line is disclosed. For the transmit ensemble, the telephone passband is divided into sixty-four sub-bands each with a carrier located approximately in the center of each sub-band. Each carrier is amplitude and phase modulated in order to encode five (5) bits. One carrier is used as a reference signal for phase and amplitude. The modulated carriers can be changed in data content every epoch. By use of packetization of data, individual amplitude correction, and individual phase correction for each carrier, the high speed modem may achieve up to 12000 bps over a dial up line with a simultaneous 300 bps reverse channel.

Abstract: An electroresistive printing or writing system in which a long lasting balanced erosion rate electrode head is transported in relation to a front surface conducting writing receiver media held in a defined path between a resilient flat platen and a path referencing grounding member which contacts the conductive surface below the head. Writing is accomplished on either treated paper or a plain untreated receiving surface, such as paper, by use of a tri-layered film, having a heat transferable ink layer for marking the plain surface in response to vaporization or burning away of the front conductive surface at a head electrode caused by electric current flowing via that head electrode. The mechanical configuration of the system provides immediate unobstructed operator viewing of the just completed printing.

Abstract: A satellite communication system, which is inherently power limited, employing spread spectrum techniques in order to trade-off bandwidth for small ground station antennas. In a one-way system embodiment a central station transmits data to a satellite for relay to a large number of small antenna receiving stations, the transmissions being spread spectrum encoded with spreading code lengths selected to provide adequate data recovery at the least sensitive station to which the transmissions are directed. Spreading codes may also function to address particular stations. In a two-way system embodiment, the central station additionally functions as a terrestrial relay station.