Abstract: A multi-tone CW radar (14) is used to project signals from an antenna (22) and to receive returns with the same antenna. The phase differences between the outgoing signals and the returns are analyzed to determine the existence of motion and the range to a moving object (10). A model is made which has range as its major parameter. A waveform associated with the phase difference between outgoing signals and returns for one of the tones is compared to templates produced by the model to determine which has a range that most closely matches. By varying the range parameters, when a match is detected the range to the object can be obtained even if its motion is pseudorandom. If the range is measured with multiple units it is possible to measure the location of the object. This can be done assuming a grid and algorithmically combining the ranges from the units.

Abstract: E-field sensors are used to establish a protection zone around a vehicle so as to detect the presence of objects within the protection zone, be they other vehicles or individuals. In one embodiment the direction to the intruding object is established by virtue of the use of pairs of E-field sensors. In a further embodiment the range of the E-field sensors determines the limited protection zone around the vehicle. Because of the limited protection zone, false alarms are greatly reduced.

Abstract: A plurality of multi-tone CW radars are used to generate a swath of ranges to a moving object or individual behind a wall or building structure in which the overlap of the range swaths from spaced-apart radars determines the location of the moving object or individual. A histogram of the swath overlaps is used to generate a display of the path of the moving object or individual.

Abstract: Lower resolution and clutter-prone two-tone CW radars can have the displayed images dramatically improved by three techniques involved in the subject invention. The three techniques involved are the stepping of each of the multiple radars for readings at multiple frequencies, weighting the results to compensate for wall-induced distortions and differential image processing. In one embodiment, weights for each frequency counteract the distortion produced by particular wall. For differential image processing, temporal snapshots of the images are subtracted one from the other such that the result is only due to moving objects, thus to provide a dramatic display of the presence and position of moving individuals behind a wall.

Abstract: Lower resolution and clutter-prone two-tone CW radars can have the displayed images dramatically improved by three techniques involved in the subject invention. The three techniques involved are the stepping of each of the multiple radars for readings at multiple frequencies, weighting the results to compensate for wall-induced distortions and differential image processing. In one embodiment, weights for each frequency counteract the distortion produced by particular wall. For differential image processing, temporal snapshots of the images are subtracted one from the other such that the result is only due to moving objects, thus to provide a dramatic display of the presence and position of moving individuals behind a wall.

Abstract: A system (34) for determining deviations in the state of motion of a projectile (10) from its intended state includes a comparison module (38) that receives the outputs S of a sensor array (36). The comparison module (38) converts the sensor outputs to a measurement vector Z.sub.m and computes the deviation of this measurement vector from an intended measurement vector Z.sub.0 received from a control system. The comparison module (38) then determines the difference E.sub.Z between this measured deviation and the deviation predicted by a Kalman filter (44, 46). In generating the measurement vector Z.sub.m from the outputs of the sensor array (36), the comparison module (38) "de-spins" the array outputs in accordance with the output of a phase reference (42), whose purpose is to indicate the phase with respect to gravity of the spin of the projectile (10) about its longitudinal axis.

Abstract: A simulator for simulating the response of a network of predefined processing elements to a set of input stimuli. The network processing elements are arrayed in a plurality of rows and columns and a representation of each element is stored in a storage location in a symbol memory, the storage locations of which have row and column addresses corresponding to the rows and columns in the network array. A control circuit iteratively receives representations from the symbol memory identifying a processing element at a location in the network and controls an arithmetic and logic unit to generate an output signal representative of the output of the corresponding processing element in response to input stimuli which are represented by data signals from a data memory and an intermediate storage register. The control circuit then controls the storage of the output signal from the arithmetic and logic unit in the data memory and the intermediate storage register.

Abstract: An interactive simulation system for simulating an analog or a digital system defined by mathematical model representing the operation of the system. The mathematical model is represented by a network of function blocks specified by an operator, each function block providing an output corresponding to a primitive mathematical or logical operation on an input. The system iteratively steps through the network to simulate the system at sequential points in time. At least some of the function blocks represent delay functions in which their outputs are in response to the inputs during the previous iteration. The simulation system first receives from an operator the identification of the function blocks to be used in the network, the function blocks being entered from the input of the network to the output, except that any delay blocks are entered last.