Abstract: A sputtering apparatus for depositing a thin film (66) of magnetic material on a substrate (26) is modified to include a plate-shaped electromagnet (34, 44, or 70) for orienting magnetic domains within the film (66). The electromagnet (34, 44, or 70) has conductive windings (38; 46, 48, and 50; or 72) that are arranged for producing a magnetic field (42 or 52) within a plane (60) corresponding to a surface of the substrate (26). Field strength vectors (68) vary in absolute magnitude between points located along a first axis (62), but have substantially uniform components of magnitude at the same points measured in a common direction along the first axis (62).

Abstract: A sputtering apparatus for depositing a thin film (66) of magnetic material on a substrate (26) is modified to include a plate-shaped electromagnet (34, 44, or 70) for orienting magnetic domains within the film (66). The electromagnet (34, 44, or 70) has conductive windings (38; 46, 48, and 50; or 72) that are arranged for producing a magnetic field (42 or 52) within a plane (60) corresponding to a surface of the substrate (26). Field strength vectors (68) vary in absolute magnitude between points located along a first axis (62), but have substantially uniform components of magnitude at the same points measured in a common direction along the first axis (62).

Abstract: A sputtering apparatus for depositing a thin film (66) of magnetic material on a substrate (26) is modified to include a plate-shaped electromagnet (34, 44, or 70) for orienting magnetic domains within the film (66). The electromagnet (34, 44, or 70) has conductive windings (38; 46, 48, and 50; or 72) that are arranged for producing a magnetic field (42 or 52) within a plane (60) corresponding to a surface of the substrate (26). Field strength vectors (68) vary in absolute magnitude between points located along a first axis (62), but have substantially uniform components of magnitude at the same points measured in a common direction along the first axis (62).

Abstract: A sputtering system magnetron formed of an array of permanent magnets rotated in proximity to a plane of a target disposed in a vacuum chamber has an improved shape resembling a cross section of an apple. The magnetic path established between oppositely poled pairs of magnets is inturned in a stem region proximate to the axis of rotation for the array and has a pair of opposed lobes extending outward from the stem region in a generally semi-circular form. The lobes lead to and join each other in an indent region opposite the stem region. The maximum distance across the path between the lobes is about double the minimum distance across the path between the stem region and the indent region.

Abstract: The stratification of the oil-foam mixture in the shell of a compressor is avoided by enhancing the recirculation vortex in the shell. The enhancement of the recirculation or secondary vortex is achieved by providing a baffle plate at the bottom of the shell which effectively mixes the oil and foam by providing a region near the bottom of the shell in which the fluid is not rotating in a horizontal plane. The non-rotating oil is drawn towards the center of the shell by the centrifugal pressure gradient, thus displacing the foam from the center region of the shell.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for measuring the pore size on the surface of an externally enhanced evaporator tube. The apparatus is the pneumatic equivalent of an electrical wheatstone bridge circuit. Air is fed into two parallel legs of a circuit. The first leg has a variable flow control valve in series with a reference fixture having a fixed orifice therein. The other leg has a variable flow control valve in series with a test fixture matingly engaged with the enhanced tube to be measured. A differential pressure transducer measures the difference between the air pressure drop across the enhanced tube and the air pressure drop across the reference orifice plate. Therefore, any changes in the pressure, temperature, or humidity of the supply air will affect both legs in the same manner, so the reading of the transducer will not be affected by changes in supply air.