Abstract: An apparatus for measuring the hardness of a succession of adjacent portions of a test surface, utilizes a pair of members which are supported for independent movement in close, side-by-side relationship in engagement with a test surface. One of the members is a "penetration member" which is selectively loaded with a controlled weight for penetrating the test surface. The other of the members is a "sensor member" which is held relatively gently against the test surface. A motion sensing transducer is interposed between the two members to sense the depth of penetration of the penetration member into the test surface. The members are pivotally mounted on an adjustable positioning mechanism in such a manner that the controlled loading applied to the penetration member is not transmitted to and does not distort sensor data provided by the sensor member. Loading is transmitted to the penetration member through a hardened steel ball to eliminate transverse force components and bending moments.

Abstract: A surgical milling tool includes a body having a hemispherically-shaped outer surface and defining an internal cavity. Cutting blades carried at spaced locations on the outer surface are operative to mill tissues of a joint socket when the tool is introduced and rotated in the socket. Holes are formed through the outer surface and communicate with the internal cavity to channel cut-off tissues into the cavity as the tool is rotated. A tool support is releasably connected to the tool body to assist in positioning and rotating the body. The support includes a cover which releasably closes the body cavity to retain cut-off tissues within the cavity. Several related tool body and tool support embodiments are described which include structures for releasably drivingly connecting the tool body and the tool support. Some of the embodiments include movable latching elements for securing connections formed between the tool bodies and the tool supports.

Abstract: A machine for machining the inner walls of the cylinder of a Wankel engine in which a support is provided for the cylinder to be machined which rotates the cylinder about a first axis in one direction with the first axis moving bodily about a second axis in the opposite direction. Cutting tools are provided which engage the inside of the wall of a cylinder mounted on the support and effect cutting thereof during movement of the cylinder. The tools are mounted on support elements which are pivotal about lines substantially coinciding with the lines of engagement of the respective tools with the cylinder wall of the cylinder and are pivoted during movement of the cylinder to maintain substantially the same cutting conditions between each tool and the cylinder.