Abstract: Disclosed is a method of assessing the fertility status of a human female subject, the method comprising the steps of: (a) testing the concentration of FSH in each of a plurality of urine samples obtained from the subject, each sample being obtained on a different day of a first menstrual cycle in the subject; (b) testing the concentration of FSH in each of plurality of urine samples, each sample being obtained on a different day in one or more subsequent menstrual cycles in the subjects; (c) comparing the FSH test results obtained from the subject with a reference value from a control population; and, (d) based at least partly on the comparison, making an assessment of the fertility status of the subject.