Abstract: We have developed a ring opening polymerization method in an aqueous dispersion for the formation of latex. By encapsulating a catalyst in micelles dispersed in water, a seeded catalytic polymerization of various monomers in water was successfully performed. An amphiphilic molecule was used to form a micelle with a hydrophobic core in water. The catalyst that was encapsulated within this structure and the formed microcapsules were used as microreactors for the formation of biodegradable elastomers.

Abstract: We have developed a ring opening polymerization method in an aqueous dispersion for the formation of latex. By encapsulating a catalyst in micelles dispersed in water, a seeded catalytic polymerization of various monomers in water was successfully performed. An amphiphilic molecule was used to form a micelle with a hydrophobic core in water. The catalyst that was encapsulated within this structure and the formed microcapsules were used as microreactors for the formation of biodegradable elastomers.

Abstract: Methods and systems for producing nanostructure materials are provided. In one aspect, a process is provided that comprises a) heating one or more nanostructure material reagents by 100° C. or more within 5 seconds or less; and b) reacting the nanostructure material reagents to form a nanostructure material reaction product. In a further aspect, a process is provided comprising a) flowing a fluid composition comprising one or more nanostructure material reagents through a reactor system; and b) reacting the nanostructure material reagents to form a nanostructure material reaction product comprising Cd, In or Zn. In a yet further aspect, methods are provided that include flowing one or more nanostructure material reagents through a first reaction unit; cooling the one or more nanostructure material reagents or reaction product thereof that have flowed through the first reaction unit; and flowing the cooled one or more nanostructure material reagents or reaction product thereof through a second reaction unit.

Abstract: An electrostatic actuator is provide that can include a fluidic line, a first electrode, and a second electrode such that a gate chamber portion of the fluidic line is sandwiched between the first electrode and the second electrode. The electrostatic actuator can also include a pressure-balancing channel in fluid communication with the gate chamber portion where the first electrode is sandwiched between the pressure-balancing channel and the gate chamber portion. A pneumatic valve system is provided which includes an electrostatic gate and a fluidic channel fluidly separate from a fluidic control line. A pneumatic valve portion of the fluidic control line can be positioned relative to a portion of the fluidic channel such that expansion of the pneumatic valve portion restricts fluid flow through the fluidic channel. Methods of using an electrostatic actuator and a pneumatic valve system are also provided.

Abstract: A method of forming microstructures. An article including a metal atom precursor is disproportionally exposed to electromagnetic radiation in an amount and intensity sufficient to convert some of the precursor to elemental metal. Additional conductive material may then be deposited onto the elemental metal to produce a microstructure.

Abstract: An electronic device includes an integrated circuit having a plurality of domains, and at least one bias source. Each domain of the plurality of domains is independently electrically connected to at least one of the at least one bias source.

Abstract: An electrochemical cell includes an anode half-cell and a cathode half-cell. A separator, such as a membrane, is formed between the two half-cells, and a gate electrode may be configured to influence the properties of the separator. Electricity is generated by flowing a liquid fuel through conduits, while applying an electric field to the gated membrane such that the membrane conducts protons. Complementary half cell reactions take place at an anode and a cathode.

Abstract: An electrochemical cell, comprises (a) a first electrode, (b) a second electrode, (c) a first fluid, in contact with the first electrode, and (d) a second fluid, in contact with the second electrode. The first fluid and the second fluid are in parallel laminar flow, and the first fluid has a pH different from the second fluid.

Abstract: A catalyst support comprises a monolithic non-oxide material having a surface area per unit volume of at least 105 m2/m3, and a pressure drop of at most 0.25 atm/mm.

Abstract: A method of electrolytic synthesis comprises applying a potential between a first electrode and a second electrode. The first electrode is in contact with a first fluid stream in a channel, the second electrode is in contact with a second fluid stream in the channel, and the first steam and the second stream are in parallel laminar flow in the channel.

Abstract: A method for growing crystals comprises removing solvent from a first plurality of solutions of a compound simultaneously and at substantially the same rate, to form a solid; and removing solvent from a second plurality of solutions of the compound simultaneously and at different rates, to form a solid. The first plurality of solutions contain different concentrations of the compound, and the second plurality of solutions contain substantially the same concentration of the compound.