Abstract: A three-way catalyst article, and its use in an exhaust system for internal combustion engines, is disclosed. The catalyst article for treating exhaust gas comprising: a substrate comprising an inlet end and an outlet end with an axial length L; a first catalytic region comprising a first platinum group metal (PGM) component supported on a first PGM support material, wherein the first PGM component comprises rhodium (Rh) and platinum (Pt); and wherein Pt and Rh has a weight ratio of at least 1:10.

Abstract: A catalyst composition comprising a first platinum group metal (PGM) component and a first support material, wherein the first PGM component comprises platinum (Pt) and palladium (Pd) and is supported on the first support material; and wherein the first PGM component has a Pt:Pd molar ratio of from about 5:95 to about 95:5.

Abstract: A three-way catalyst article, and its use in an exhaust system for internal combustion engines, is disclosed. The catalyst article for treating exhaust gas comprising: a substrate comprising an inlet end and an outlet end with an axial length L; a first catalytic region comprising a first platinum group metal (PGM) component supported on a first PGM support material, wherein the first PGM component comprises rhodium (Rh) and platinum (Pt); and wherein Pt and Rh has a weight ratio of at least 1:10.

Abstract: A catalytic wall-flow monolith filter having three-way catalytic activity for use in an emission treatment system of a positive ignition internal combustion engine comprising a porous filter substrate having a first face and a second face defining a longitudinal direction there between and first and second pluralities of channels extending in the longitudinal direction, wherein the first plurality of channels is open at the first face and closed at the second face and the channels of the first plurality of channels are defined in part by channel wall surfaces, wherein the second plurality of channels is open at the second face and closed at the first face and the channels of the second plurality of channels are defined in part by channel wall surfaces and wherein channel walls between the channel wall surfaces of the first plurality of channels and the channel wall surfaces of the second plurality of channels are porous, wherein a first on-wall coating comprising catalytic material having a layer thickness is

Abstract: A catalytic wall-flow monolith for use in an emission treatment system comprises a porous substrate and a three-way catalyst (TWC), wherein the TWC is distributed substantially throughout the porous substrate and wherein the TWC comprises: (i) alumina; (ii) one or more platinum group metals; and (iii) an oxygen storage component (OSC), wherein the OSC comprises ceria or one or more mixed oxides comprising cerium and is present in a ratio by weight of OSC to alumina of from 65:35 to 85:15.

Abstract: A catalytic wall-flow monolith for use in an emission treatment system comprises a porous substrate and a three-way catalyst (TWC), wherein the TWC is distributed substantially throughout the porous substrate and wherein the TWC comprises: (i) alumina; (ii) one or more platinum group metals; and (iii) an oxygen storage component (OSC), wherein the OSC comprises ceria or one or more mixed oxides comprising cerium and is present in a ratio by weight of OSC to alumina of from 65:35 to 85:15

Abstract: A catalytic wall-flow monolith filter having three-way catalytic activity for use in an emission treatment system of a positive ignition internal combustion engine comprising a porous filter substrate having a first face and a second face defining a longitudinal direction there between and first and second pluralities of channels extending in the longitudinal direction, wherein the first plurality of channels is open at the first face and closed at the second face and the channels of the first plurality of channels are defined in part by channel wall surfaces, wherein the second plurality of channels is open at the second face and closed at the first face and the channels of the second plurality of channels are defined in part by channel wall surfaces and wherein channel walls between the channel wall surfaces of the first plurality of channels and the channel wall surfaces of the second plurality of channels are porous, wherein a first on-wall coating comprising catalytic material having a layer thickness is

Abstract: A Communications system for communicating over low bandwidth or high latency links incorporates a router MR7 configured to route a message to any like-configured router MR8, MR9 linked to it. Communications are implemented at network layer with UDP IP message packets. There are no hello messages. The message format 20 includes routing information but not designated and backup routers, which avoids loss of service from designated router changes and reduces bandwidth requirements. Configured routers MR7 to MR9 have different message formats 20, 40 for communicating with configured routers MR7 to MR9 and with unconfigured routers R1 to R6 respectively, and can link different protocols. A configured router MR7 deletes routes to like-configured routers MR8, MR9 with route metrics not superior to other routes with like destination. It also deletes routes with inferior metrics to related routes in an incoming message, and retains received route information regarding a new route or a route with superior metric.

Abstract: A Communications system for communicating over low bandwidth or high latency links incorporates a router MR7 configured to route a message to any like-configured router MR8, MR9 linked to it. Communications are implemented at network layer with UDP IP message packets. There are no hello messages. The message format 20 includes routing information but not designated and backup routers, which avoids loss of service from designated router changes and reduces bandwidth requirements. Configured routers MR7 to MR9 have different message formats 20, 40 for communicating with configured routers MR7 to MR9 and with unconfigured routers R1 to R6 respectively, and can link different protocols. A configured router MR7 deletes routes to like-configured routers MR8, MR9 with route metrics not superior to other routes with like destination. It also deletes routes with inferior metrics to related routes in an incoming message, and retains received route information regarding a new route or a route with superior metric.

Abstract: Methods and apparatus for producing hydrogen are provided. The methods and apparatus utilize reforming catalysts in order to produce hydrogen gas. The reforming catalysts may be platinum group metals on a support material, and they may be located in a reforming reaction zone of a primary reactor. The support material may an oxidic support having a ceria zirconia promoter. The support material may be an oxidic support and a neodymium stabilizer. The support material may also be an oxidic support material and at least one Group IA, Group IIA, manganese, or iron metal promoter. The primary reactor may have a first and second reforming reaction zones. Upstream reforming catalysts located in the first reforming reaction zone may be selected to perform optimally under the conditions in the first reforming reaction zone. Downstream reforming catalysts located in the second reforming reaction zone may be selected to perform optimally under the conditions in the second reforming reaction zone.