Abstract: An optical coating, such as anti-reflective coating (ARC) or colored coating for optical devices, suitable especially for mobile devices. The ARC is made up of alternating layers of low refractive index and high refractive index. At least one of the layers, preferably the top layer, is made up of nano-laminate. The nano-laminate is a structure of alternating nano-layers, each nano-layer made out of a material having refractive index similar to the layer it replaces. Optionally, each of the layers are made up of nano-laminates, such that a layer having low refractive index is made up of nano-laminates of nano-layers having low refractive index, while high index layers are made up of nano-lamonate of nano-layers having high refractive index. Each of the nano-layers is of 2-10 nanometer thickness.

Abstract: An optical coating, such as anti-reflective coating (ARC) or colored coating for optical devices, suitable especially for mobile devices. The ARC is made up of alternating layers of low refractive index and high refractive index. At least one of the layers, preferably the top layer, is made up of nano-laminate. The nano-laminate is a structure of alternating nano-layers, each nano-layer made out of a material having refractive index similar to the layer it replaces. Optionally, each of the layers are made up of nano-laminates, such that a layer having low refractive index is made up of nano-laminates of nano-layers having low refractive index, while high index layers are made up of nano-lamonate of nano-layers having high refractive index. Each of the nano-layers is of 2-10 nanometer thickness.

Abstract: Lithium-iron molecular precursor compounds, compositions and processes for making a cathode for lithium ion batteries. The molecular precursor compounds are soluble and provide processes to make stoichiometric cathode materials with solution-based processes. The cathode material can be, for example, a lithium iron oxide, a lithium iron phosphate, or a lithium iron silicate. Cathodes can be made as bulk material in a solid form or in solution, or in various forms including thin films.

Abstract: Processes for making a solar cell by depositing various layers of components on a substrate and converting the components into a thin film photovoltaic absorber material. Processes of this disclosure can be used to control the stoichiometry of metal atoms in making a solar cell for targeting a particular concentration and providing a gradient of metal atom concentration. A selenium layer can be used in annealing a thin film photovoltaic absorber material.

Abstract: Processes for making a thin film solar cell on a substrate by providing a substrate coated with an electrical contact layer, depositing an ink onto the contact layer of the substrate, wherein the ink contains an alkali ion source compound suspended or dissolved in a carrier along with photovoltaic absorber precursor compounds, and heating the substrate. The alkali ion source compound can be MalkMB(ER)4 or Malk(ER). The processes can be used for CIS or CIGS.

Abstract: Processes for making a solar cell by depositing various layers of components on a substrate and converting the components into a thin film photovoltaic absorber material. Processes of this disclosure can be used to control the stoichiometry of metal atoms in making a solar cell for targeting a particular concentration and providing a gradient of metal atom concentration. A selenium layer can be used in annealing a thin film photovoltaic absorber material.

Abstract: Lithium-nickel-containing molecular precursor compounds, compositions and processes for making cathodes for lithium ion batteries. The molecular precursor compounds are soluble and provide processes to make cathode materials with controlled stoichiometry in solution-based processes. The cathode material can be, for example, a lithium nickel oxide, a lithium nickel phosphate, or a lithium nickel silicate. Cathodes can be made as bulk material in a solid form or in solution, or in various forms including thin films.

Abstract: Lithium-manganese-containing molecular precursor compounds, compositions and processes for making cathodes for lithium ion batteries. The molecular precursor compounds are soluble and provide processes to make cathode materials with controlled stoichiometry in a solution-based processes. The cathode material can be, for example, a lithium manganese oxide, a lithium manganese phosphate, or a lithium manganese silicate. Cathodes can be made as bulk material in a solid form or in solution, or in various forms including thin films.

Abstract: Processes and compositions for multi-transition metal-containing cathode materials for lithium ion batteries. Processes encompass providing a composition which can be a mixture of molecular precursor compounds having the formulas [LiM(x+)(OR)1+x] and [Li2M(x+)(OR)2+x]. The metal atoms, M, can be Ni, V, Co, Mn, or Fe, and the —OR groups can be alkoxy, aryloxy, heteroaryloxy, alkenyloxy, siloxy, phosphinate, phosphonate, and phosphate. The compositions can be converted and annealed to provide cathode materials.

Abstract: Lithium-cobalt-containing molecular precursor compounds, compositions and processes for making cathodes for lithium ion batteries. The molecular precursor compounds are soluble and provide processes to make stoichiometric cathode materials with solution-based processes. The cathode material can be, for example, a lithium cobalt oxide, a lithium cobalt phosphate, or a lithium cobalt silicate. Cathodes can be made as bulk material in a solid form or in solution, or in various forms including thin films.

Abstract: Lithium-iron molecular precursor compounds, compositions and processes for making a cathode for lithium ion batteries. The molecular precursor compounds are soluble and provide processes to make stoichiometric cathode materials with solution-based processes. The cathode material can be, for example, a lithium iron oxide, a lithium iron phosphate, or a lithium iron silicate. Cathodes can be made as bulk material in a solid form or in solution, or in various forms including thin films.

Abstract: Solution-based processes for making thin film solar cells including CIGS are disclosed. A solar cell can have a conversion efficiency of 15% to 20% or greater. Processes for making solar cells include depositing various layers of monomer and polymeric components on a substrate and converting the components into a thin film photovoltaic absorber material. The stoichiometry of metal atoms in a solar cell can be controlled and targeted.

Abstract: Processes for making a solar cell by depositing various layers of components on a substrate and converting the components into a thin film photovoltaic absorber material. Processes of this disclosure can be used to control the stoichiometry of metal atoms in making a solar cell, and for targeting a particular concentration. CIGS thin film solar cells can be made.

Abstract: Processes for making a solar cell by depositing various layers of components on a substrate and converting the components into a thin film photovoltaic absorber material. Processes of this disclosure can be used to control the stoichiometry of metal atoms in making a solar cell for targeting a particular concentration and providing a gradient of metal atom concentration. A selenium layer can be used in annealing a thin film photovoltaic absorber material.

Abstract: Processes for making a solar cell by depositing various layers of components on a substrate and converting the components into a thin film photovoltaic absorber material. Processes of this disclosure can be used to control the stoichiometry of metal atoms in making a solar cell for targeting a particular concentration and providing a gradient of metal atom concentration. A selenium layer can be used in annealing a thin film photovoltaic absorber material.

Abstract: Processes for making a thin film solar cell on a substrate by providing a substrate coated with an electrical contact layer, depositing an ink onto the contact layer of the substrate, wherein the ink contains an alkali ion source compound suspended or dissolved in a carrier along with photovoltaic absorber precursor compounds, and heating the substrate. The alkali ion source compound can be MalkMB(ER)4 or Malk(ER). The processes can be used for CIS or CIGS.

Abstract: Processes for making a solar cell by depositing various layers of components on a substrate and converting the components into a thin film photovoltaic absorber material. Processes of this disclosure can be used to control the stoichiometry of metal atoms in making a solar cell for targeting a particular concentration and providing a gradient of metal atom concentration. A selenium layer can be used in annealing a thin film photovoltaic absorber material.

Abstract: Processes for making a solar cell by depositing various layers of components on a substrate and converting the components into a thin film photovoltaic absorber material. Processes of this disclosure can be used to control the stoichiometry of metal atoms in making a solar cell for targeting a particular concentration and providing a gradient of metal atom concentration. A selenium layer can be used in annealing a thin film photovoltaic absorber material.