Abstract: A torque requesting module generates a first torque request for a spark ignition engine based on driver input. A torque conversion module converts the first torque request into a second torque request. A setpoint control module generates air and exhaust setpoints for the spark ignition engine based on the second torque request. A model predictive control (MPC) module identifies sets of possible target values based on the air and exhaust setpoints, generates predicted parameters based on a model of the spark ignition engine and the sets of possible target values, respectively, selects one of the sets of possible target values based on the predicted parameters, and sets target values based on the possible target values of the selected one of the sets. A throttle actuator module controls opening of a throttle valve based on a first one of the target values.

Abstract: A torque requesting module generates a first torque request for a spark ignition engine based on driver input. A torque conversion module converts the first torque request into a second torque request. A setpoint control module generates air and exhaust setpoints for the spark ignition engine based on the second torque request. A model predictive control (MPC) module identifies sets of possible target values based on the air and exhaust setpoints, generates predicted parameters based on a model of the spark ignition engine and the sets of possible target values, respectively, selects one of the sets of possible target values based on the predicted parameters, and sets target values based on the possible target values of the selected one of the sets. A throttle actuator module controls opening of a throttle valve based on a first one of the target values.

Abstract: A powertrain assembly includes a hybrid propulsion system and an internal combustion engine. The hybrid propulsion system includes an electric motor at least partially powering propulsion of a vehicle during a first operating mode and an internal combustion engine at least partially powering propulsion of the vehicle during a second operating mode. The internal combustion engine includes an engine structure defining a combustion chamber and an intake port, an intake valve located in the intake port, and an intake valve lift mechanism supported on the engine structure and engaged with the intake valve. The intake valve lift mechanism is operable in a first lift mode and a second lift mode. The intake valve lift mechanism provides a first intake valve opening profile during the first lift mode and a second intake valve opening profile different than the first intake valve opening profile during the second lift mode.

Abstract: A powertrain assembly includes a hybrid propulsion system and an internal combustion engine. The hybrid propulsion system includes an electric motor at least partially powering propulsion of a vehicle during a first operating mode and an internal combustion engine at least partially powering propulsion of the vehicle during a second operating mode. The internal combustion engine includes an engine structure defining a combustion chamber and an intake port, an intake valve located in the intake port, and an intake valve lift mechanism supported on the engine structure and engaged with the intake valve. The intake valve lift mechanism is operable in a first lift mode and a second lift mode. The intake valve lift mechanism provides a first intake valve opening profile during the first lift mode and a second intake valve opening profile different than the first intake valve opening profile during the second lift mode.

Abstract: An HVAC system for use in a vehicle. The HVAC system comprises an evaporator, a refrigerant compressor that receives a refrigerant from the evaporator and compresses the refrigerant, a condenser that receives the refrigerant from the compressor and has fins with air flowing through the fins to remove heat from a refrigerant flowing through the condenser, and an expansion device that receives the refrigerant from the condenser and directs the refrigerant to the evaporator. The HVAC system also comprises a water tank that receives and stores water, a water spray pump that receives water from the water tank, and a nozzle that receives water from the water spray pump and is located adjacent to the condenser, with the nozzle selectively spraying water on the fins of the condenser.