Abstract: This disclosure is directed to kits and methods for extracting a target analyte from a biological fluid in real time. The biological fluid, therefore, does not need to be stored or shipped/delivered. Isolating the target analyte in real-time allows for on-the-spot processing with minimal, if any, down time between collection and testing. Furthermore, isolating in real time may also allow for the biological fluid to be extracted, processed, and returned—similar to that of dialysis—to permit for more volume to be processed and tested. In one aspect, an inner surface of a conduit may include a coating having a high affinity for the target analyte. The conduit may also include features which create turbulent flow to permit all portions of the biological fluid to come into contact with the coating. In another aspect, a capture chip is used to isolate the target analyte from the biological fluid.

Abstract: This disclosure is directed to systems and methods for sorting a native aggregate, such as a fluorescent nanoparticle aggregate, which includes multiple objects, some of which have different characteristics, into lower level ensembles, such as monochromatic nanoparticle ensembles. In one aspect, the system includes two detectors, one of which accepts all emitted wavelengths and another one which is preceded by a filter to permit transmission of a specific wavelength or range of wavelengths. In another aspect, the system includes multiple detectors, each detector configured to detect a given wavelength or range of wavelengths, such that no two detectors have overlapping wavelengths or ranges. In yet another aspect, the system includes an optical regulator in front of a detector. This disclosure is also directed to systems and methods for multiplexing and analyzing a target analyte using the monochromatic nanoparticle ensembles.

Abstract: This disclosure is directed to systems for separating a target analyte from a suspension. A suspension is added to a tube. A float is also added to the tube, and the tube, float, and suspension are centrifuged together, causing the constituent components of the suspension to separate into different layers along the axial length of the tube according to their specific gravities. The float has a specific gravity that positions the float at approximately the same level as a layer containing the target analyte, when the tube, float and sample are centrifuged. Prior to isolation, the material may be located between an outer surface of the float and an inner surface of the tube, or within a central bore that extends longitudinally through the float. The target analyte may then be drawn into a compartment within the float, thereby isolating the target analyte from the other suspension constituents.