Abstract: In one embodiment, a method includes providing agricultural grade gypsum to a mixing device using a conveyor, providing a fluid to the mixing device using a pump, mixing the agricultural grade gypsum with the fluid to produce a gypsum slurry using the mixing device, and pumping the gypsum slurry to a storage tank. In another embodiment a system includes a conveyor providing an agricultural grade gypsum, a pump providing a fluid, a mixing device configured to mix the agricultural grade gypsum provided by the conveyor with the fluid provided by the pump to produce a gypsum slurry, and a slurry pump configured to pump the gypsum slurry from the mixing device to a storage tank.

Abstract: A method includes treating a first brine stream including a plurality of minerals with an anti-scalant to produce a treated brine. The first brine stream is provided by a wastewater treatment system. The method also includes directing the treated brine to a first nanofiltration (NF) system disposed downstream from and fluidly coupled to the wastewater treatment system, generating a first NF permeate stream and a first NF non-permeate stream from the treated brine in the first NF system, directing the first NF non-permeate stream to a mineral removal system disposed downstream from and fluidly coupled to the first NF system, and removing the plurality of minerals from the first NF non-permeate stream to generate a first overflow stream in the mineral removal system. The first overflow stream comprises at least a portion of the plurality of minerals.

Abstract: In one embodiment, a method includes providing agricultural grade gypsum to a mixing device using a conveyor, providing a fluid to the mixing device using a pump, mixing the agricultural grade gypsum with the fluid to produce a gypsum slurry using the mixing device, and pumping the gypsum slurry to a storage tank. In another embodiment a system includes a conveyor providing an agricultural grade gypsum, a pump providing a fluid, a mixing device configured to mix the agricultural grade gypsum provided by the conveyor with the fluid provided by the pump to produce a gypsum slurry, and a slurry pump configured to pump the gypsum slurry from the mixing device to a storage tank.

Abstract: A system for removing selenium from a solid feed stream includes a selenium dissolver configured to selectively dissolve elemental selenium from the solid feed stream and to produce a selenium rich solution and a crystallizer coupled to the selenium dissolver and configured to receive the selenium rich solution from the dissolver, to add an acid to the selenium rich solution, to remove purified selenium from the selenium rich solution, and to remove sulfur dioxide from the selenium rich solution.

Abstract: In one embodiment, a method includes providing agricultural grade gypsum to a mixing device using a conveyor, providing a fluid to the mixing device using a pump, mixing the agricultural grade gypsum with the fluid to produce a gypsum slurry using the mixing device, and pumping the gypsum slurry to a storage tank. In another embodiment a system includes a conveyor providing an agricultural grade gypsum, a pump providing a fluid, a mixing device configured to mix the agricultural grade gypsum provided by the conveyor with the fluid provided by the pump to produce a gypsum slurry, and a slurry pump configured to pump the gypsum slurry from the mixing device to a storage tank.

Abstract: A method includes flowing brine including one or more hardness minerals from a desalination system to a mineral removal system. The method also includes removing the one or more hardness minerals from the brine in an ion separation system disposed upstream from and fluidly coupled to the mineral removal system. The ion separation system may generate a first softened brine and includes a plurality of ion exchange subsystems each including an ion exchange resin. The method also includes saturating the ion exchange resin of at least one ion exchange subsystem with the one or more hardness minerals removed from the brine and regenerating the saturated ion exchange resin. The method further includes recovering the one or more hardness minerals from the ion exchange resin via the mineral removal system. The mineral removal system is fluidly coupled to the ion separation system.

Abstract: A method of producing substitute natural gas (SNG) includes providing a gasification reactor having a cavity defined at least partially by a first wall. The reactor also includes a first passage defined at least partially by at least a portion of the first wall and a second wall, wherein the first passage is in heat transfer communication with the first wall. The reactor further includes a second passage defined at least partially by at least a portion of the second wall and a third wall. The method also includes coupling the cavity in flow communication with the first and second passages. The method further includes producing a first synthetic gas (syngas) stream within the cavity. The method also includes channeling at least a portion of the first syngas stream to the first and second passages.

Abstract: A method of producing desalinated water and recovering minerals from the feedwater uses membrane separation and electrodialysis brine concentration. This process can recover all of the minerals as high purity industrial minerals, including capturing the calcium and sulfate as agricultural grade gypsum and boron as high purity boric acid. In addition the process allows the use of low cost lime or dolime to produce valuable magnesium hydroxide.

Abstract: A system for removing minerals from a brine using electrodialysis. One system includes a gypsum removal system configured to receive a feed stream having a first amount of gypsum, to extract at least a portion of the gypsum from the feed stream, and to produce a first output having a second amount of the gypsum less than the first amount of the gypsum. The system also includes an electrodialysis (ED) system fluidly coupled to the gypsum removal system and configured to receive the first output from the gypsum removal system, to produce a second output having a substantially sulfate hardness free sodium sulfate solution, to produce a third output having a sodium chloride solution, and to produce a fourth output having a mineral solution.

Abstract: A desalination and minerals extraction process includes a desalination facility fluidly coupled to a minerals extraction facility. The desalination facility includes a nanofiltration membrane section producing a first tailings stream and a reverse osmosis membrane section producing a second tailings stream and a desalinated water outlet stream from an inlet feed stream. The extraction facility produces at least one mineral compound, an extraction tailings stream, and a second desalinated water outlet stream. At least one of the first tailings stream and the second tailings stream is fed into the extraction facility. In certain exemplary embodiments, a natural gas combined cycle power unit supplies power to at least one of the desalination facility and the extraction facility. In certain exemplary embodiments, the extraction tailings stream is recycled into the desalination facility and there are no extraction tailings streams or desalination tailings streams discharged into the environment.

Abstract: A system includes an ion exchange softener fluidly coupled to a wastewater treatment system. The first ion exchange softener may receive a first brine stream from the wastewater treatment system and to remove a plurality of minerals from the first brine stream to generate a second brine stream including the plurality of minerals and a third brine stream. The system also includes a mineral removal system disposed downstream from the ion exchange softener and that may receive the second brine stream and to generate a sodium chloride (NaCl) brine stream and an acid and caustic production system disposed downstream from and fluidly coupled to the mineral removal system. The acid and caustic production system includes a first electrodialysis (ED) system that may receive the NaCl brine stream from the mineral removal system and to generate hydrochloric acid (HCl) and sodium hydroxide (NaOH) from the NaCl brine stream.

Abstract: An integrated gasification combined cycle (IGCC) power plant includes an air separation unit configured to discharge a nitrogen flow and an oxygen flow. A first heat exchanger is attached to the air separation unit and heats the discharged nitrogen flow. A second heat exchanger is attached to the air separation unit and heats the discharged oxygen flow. A third heat exchanger is attached to a steam cycle of the IGCC and heats a condensate stream received from the steam cycle. A first adiabatic air compressor is attached to the first, second, and third heat exchangers. The adiabatic air compressor is configured to discharge a compressed air flow comprising a first flow and a second flow. The first flow is channeled to the first and third heat exchangers, and the second flow is channeled to the second and third heat exchangers.

Abstract: A method of producing desalinated water and recovering minerals from the feedwater uses membrane separation and electrodialysis brine concentration. This process can recover all of the minerals as high purity industrial minerals, including capturing the calcium and sulfate as agricultural grade gypsum and boron as high purity boric acid. In addition the process allows the use of low cost lime or dolime to produce valuable magnesium hydroxide.

Abstract: A system includes an ion separation unit that may receive dilute hydrochloric acid and may generate a concentrated hydrochloric acid and a chamber fluidly coupled to the ion separation unit. The chamber may receive the concentrated hydrochloric acid and may separate the concentrated hydrochloric acid into a liquid concentrated hydrochloric acid and a vapor containing vaporized hydrochloric acid. The system also includes a scrubber fluidly coupled to the chamber. The scrubber may receive the vapor from the chamber, and the scrubber is may remove at least a portion of the vaporized hydrochloric acid from the vapor via a purified condensate to generate a purified vapor and the dilute hydrochloric acid. The system also includes a condenser fluidly coupled to the scrubber The condenser may receive the purified vapor from the scrubber to condense the purified vapor into the purified condensate, and to output the purified condensate to the scrubber.

Abstract: A syngas cooler that includes an outer wall defining a cavity. A first membrane water wall is positioned within the cavity. A thermal siphon is positioned between the first membrane water wall and the outer wall and is configured to channel a flow of syngas therethrough to facilitate cooling the channeled syngas.

Abstract: In one aspect, an embodiment of the present disclosure provides an Integrated Gasification Combined Cycle (IGCC) apparatus. The apparatus includes a saturator configured to saturate NPG with water vapor, and a heat recovery steam generator (HRSG), a low pressure steam loop through the saturator, wherein the HRSG is configured to heat the low pressure steam loop. The apparatus further includes a compressor and a heat exchanger configured to heat the NPG using waste process heat and extraction air from the compressor, wherein the heated NPG thereby becomes diluent nitrogen.

Abstract: Methods and systems for a gasifier system are provided. The gasifier system includes a gasifier including a syngas cooler configured to transfer heat from a reaction zone of the gasifier to a flow of fluid through the syngas cooler, a reaction vessel coupled in flow communication with the syngas cooler wherein the reaction vessel is adapted to receive the flow of fluid and generate heat in an exothermic shift reaction. The system also includes a heat exchanger coupled in flow communication with the reaction vessel, the heat exchanger adapted to produce relatively high pressure steam using the generated heat.

Abstract: A system for removing selenium from a solid feed stream includes a selenium dissolver configured to selectively dissolve elemental selenium from the solid feed stream and to produce a selenium rich solution and a crystallizer coupled to the selenium dissolver and configured to receive the selenium rich solution from the dissolver, to add an acid to the selenium rich solution, to remove purified selenium from the selenium rich solution, and to remove sulfur dioxide from the selenium rich solution.

Abstract: A heating system for desalination. One system includes a desalination system configured to receive a brine and to produce desalinated water from the brine. The system also includes a power production system having an engine configured to provide power to the desalination system. The power production system does not include combined cycle power production. The system also includes a heating system driven by the power production system and configured to provide heat for heating the brine.

Abstract: A system for removing high purity salt from a brine. One system includes a first evaporator configured to receive a brine stream, to produce a first output comprising a sodium chloride slurry, and to produce a first intermediate output. The system also includes a second evaporator fluidly coupled to the first evaporator and configured to receive the first intermediate output, to produce a first recovery output, and to produce a second intermediate output. The system includes a third evaporator fluidly coupled to the second evaporator and configured to receive the second intermediate output and to produce a second recovery output. The first recovery output and the second recovery output are used to produce the brine stream received by the first evaporator.