Abstract: One or more electrochromic surfaces (11) (formed on rigid or flexible carrier surfaces) are used in various ways with one or more radio frequency energy radiating elements (10) and/or guiding elements (91 and 120) to lend selective reflectivity to achieve greater resultant control over directionality, gain, phase, and/or shape of the radiated energy.

Abstract: A microcavity plasma discharge device comprising a micro-cavity device structure which includes N dielectric material structures wherein N is a whole number greater than or equal to one, each N dielectric material structure including a dielectric spacer region with a first opening wherein the dielectric spacer region is sandwiched therebetween a first dielectric material region with a second opening and a second dielectric material region with a third opening wherein the second opening and the third opening are positioned adjacent to the first opening to form a trench with a width and wherein a first conductive material layer is sandwiched between the dielectric spacer region and the first dielectric material region and a second conductive material layer is sandwiched between the dielectric spacer region and the second dielectric material region.

Abstract: A microcavity plasma discharge device comprising a micro-cavity device structure which includes N dielectric material structures wherein N is a whole number greater than or equal to one, each N dielectric material structure including a dielectric spacer region with a first opening wherein said dielectric spacer region is sandwiched therebetween a first dielectric material region with a second opening and a second dielectric material region with a third opening wherein the second opening and the third opening are positioned adjacent to the first opening to form a trench with a width and wherein a first conductive material layer is sandwiched between the dielectric spacer region and the first dielectric material region and a second conductive material layer is sandwiched between the dielectric spacer region and the second dielectric material region.

Abstract: One or more electrochromic surfaces (11) (formed on rigid or flexible carrier surfaces) are used in various ways with one or more radio frequency energy radiating elements (10) and/or guiding elements (91 and 120) to lend selective reflectivity to achieve greater resultant control over directionality, gain, phase, and/or shape of the radiated energy.

Abstract: A method of treating a first chemical species in a gas using a plasma, the method including the steps of providing an array of micro-scale cavity discharge devices capable of sustaining the plasma where the first chemical species is capable of flowing proximate to the array of micro-scale cavity discharge devices, wherein the first chemical species is converted to a second chemical species within the plasma.

Abstract: A field emission device (100) includes an electron emitter structure (105) having a deuteride layer (108), which defines a surface (109) of electron emitter structure (105). Deuteride layer (108) is disposed upon an electron emitter (106), which is made from a metal. Deuteride layer (108) is a deuteride of the metal from which electron emitter (106) is made. A method for conditioning field emission device (100) includes the step of providing a contaminated cathode structure (137), which has a contaminated emitter structure (138). The method further includes the step of causing deuterium to react with a metal oxide layer (140) of emitter structure (138), so that the deuterium replaces the oxygen of metal oxide layer (140).

Abstract: A method for operating a field emission device (100) having an electron emitter (115) includes the steps of providing an emitter-enhancing electrode (117) proximate to electron emitter (115), causing emitter-enhancing electrode (117) to emit electrons, and causing the electrons emitted by emitter-enhancing electrode (117) to be received by electron emitter (115). A method for fabricating a field emission device (100) includes the steps of forming a layer (126) of dielectric material, forming emitter-enhancing electrode (117) on layer (126) of dielectric material, forming an enhanced-emission structure (131) in emitter-enhancing electrode (117), removing a portion of layer (126) of dielectric material proximate to enhanced-emission structure (131) to form a well (114, 158), and forming electron emitter (115) within well (114, 158).