Abstract: A synthetic surface, such as artificial turf, rubberized asphalt, concrete composition, particulate mixtures and the like, is applied on top of a subsurface base system, which in turn is on top of a subgrade. A liquid impervious membrane is positioned between the subgrade and the base system. The base system comprises an upper layer of sand-containing particulate material in which liquid characteristically moves in the vertical direction and a lower layer of gravel in which liquid characteristically moves well in the horizontal direction as well as downwardly. The material of the upper layer does not significantly penetrate into the gravel. The base system has a non-rutting upper surface. The non-rutting surface is accomplished by planting grass, cutting the grass at least once, and then killing the grass. The synthetic surface is then applied. A conduit system is positioned in the lower gravel layer of the base system, and a water reservoir is established in the base system.

Abstract: A level unobstructed grass sports and recreation surface wherein the grass is deeply rooted in a layer of sand overlying a layer of gravel and preferably nurtured from below to provide a controlled growing environment exhibiting vigorous growth. The sand has more positive vertical liquid flow characteristics whereas the gravel has better horizontal liquid flow characteristics and the appropriate gradation selection of both determines the high drainage ability and uniform fertilizer/irrigation distribution throughout the system. The grass surface is defined by a water tight membrane extending from the perimeter, adjacent the surface and completely underlying the gravel layer. Control means are provided to detect the liquid level contained within the membrane and add or remove liquid to maintain the appropriate level. The buried conduit system is used for the controlled addition of water/fertilizer and excess drainage removal.