Abstract: The invention relates to an aliphatic-aromatic heterocyclic compound A which comprises at least two heterocyclic rings B and C, to a metal extractant composition E comprising this aliphatic-aromatic heterocyclic compound A and an organic acid D having at least one carboxylic, sulfonic, sulfuric, phosphinic, phosphonic, or phosphoric acid group, and to a process to extract one or more metals M selected from the group consisting of Ni and Co from an aqueous acidic leach solution PL comprising ions of at least one of the metals M, and further, at least one kind of further ions selected from the group consisting of Fe ions, Al ions, Cu ions, Mg ions, Mn ions, and also silicate anions, by mixing the solution PL with an extractant composition E, separating the organic and aqueous phases, and recovering the metal M from the separated organic phase.

Abstract: An automotive lubricating oil composition containing: (A) an oil of lubricating viscosity in a major amount; and (B) as an additive component in a minor amount, an oil-soluble or oil-dispersible 4-oxobutanoic acid having the moiety —CO(CH2)COOH bonded to (i) a group OR1 where R1 is hydrocarbyl group having 10 to 30 carbon atoms; or (ii) a group X being an aromatic group substituted with at least one hydrocarbyl group having 10 to 30 carbon atoms; or (iii) a group NR2R3 where one or both of R2 and R3 is hydrocarbyl group having from 10 to 30 carbon atoms and one but not both of R2 and R3 may be a hydrogen atom, or a salt thereof.

Abstract: An automotive lubricating oil composition containing: (A) an oil of lubricating viscosity in a major amount; and (B) as an additive component in a minor amount, an oil-soluble or oil-dispersible 4-oxobutanoic acid having the moiety —CO(CH2)COOH bonded to (i) a group OR1 where R1 is hydrocarbyl group having 10 to 30 carbon atoms; or (ii) a group X being an aromatic group substituted with at least one hydrocarbyl group having 10 to 30 carbon atoms; or (iii) a group NR2R3 where one or both of R2 and R3 is hydrocarbyl group having from 10 to 30 carbon atoms and one but not both of R2 and R3 may be a hydrogen atom, or a salt thereof.

Abstract: A composition of matter is provided in which a phosphonic acid or phosphonic acid ester group is linked through a thioether residue to a silicon atom which is further covalently bonded to a solid inorganic support. The compositions can be employed to selectively separate metal ions having high cationic charge from a solution containing lower-charged cations, and also to selectively separate highly charged cations having a relatively high charge density from cations having the same charge, but a lower charge density.