Abstract: The organic small molecule 4,4?,4?,4??-(5,5-dimethoxycyclopenta-1,3-diene-1,2,3,4-tetrayl)tetrakis(N,N-bis(4-methoxyhenyl)aniline (CPDA 1), shows electrochemical properties very close to spiro-OMeTAD indicating a high compatibility with PSC systems for its use as a hole transport material (HTM). The implementation of the cyclopentadiene dimethyl acetale core helps to red shift the absorption onset of the films as well as provide a flexible spatial configuration of the molecule, which is essential for optimum film forming properties. Transient and steady state emission analysis as well as hole mobility measurements indicate that the new HTM allows a better charge extraction, transport and separation than the spiro-OMeTAD reference compound. PSCs based on the new CPDA 1 show a PCE close to 23% with lower hysteresis than its analogue. Stability studies performed under ambient, heated and humid conditions all showed that CPDA 1 is over-performing spiro-OMeTAD.

Abstract: The organic small molecule 4,4?,4?,4??-(5,5-dimethoxycyclopenta-1,3-diene-1,2,3,4-tetrayl)tetrakis(N,N-bis(4-methoxyhenyl)aniline (CPDA 1), shows electrochemical properties very close to spiro-OMeTAD indicating a high compatibility with PSC systems for its use as a hole transport material (HTM). The implementation of the cyclopentadiene dimethyl acetale core helps to red shift the absorption onset of the films as well as provide a flexible spatial configuration of the molecule, which is essential for optimum film forming properties. Transient and steady state emission analysis as well as hole mobility measurements indicate that the new HTM allows a better charge extraction, transport and separation than the spiro-OMeTAD reference compound. PSCs based on the new CPDA 1 show a PCE close to 23% with lower hysteresis than its analogue. Stability studies performed under ambient, heated and humid conditions all showed that CPDA 1 is over-performing spiro-OMeTAD.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a compound of formula (I) based on compound derived from Acceptor-Donor-Acceptor (A-D-A) oligothiophenes based on heteroacene core and used as hole transporting material in a photovoltaic device, in particular in a solid state solar cell.

Abstract: The invention relates to an organic photoactive device, especially an organic photovoltaic cell, with a contact and a countercontact as well as with an organic region that is electrically connected to the contact and the countercontact, wherein a photoactive region with a photoactive bulk heterojunction or a flat heterojunction between an electron-conducting organic material and a hole-conducting organic material is formed in the organic region and wherein the hole-conducting organic material and/or the electron-conducting organic material is formed from oligomers according to any one of the following types: conjugated acceptor-donor-acceptor oligomer (A-D-A? oligomer) with an acceptor unit (A) and a further acceptor unit (A?) that are each connected to a donor unit (D), and conjugated donor-acceptor-donor oligomer (D-A-D? oligomer) with a donor unit (D) and a further donor unit (D?) that are each connected to an acceptor unit (A).

Abstract: The present invention relates to novel pyridine compounds that can be used as anchoring ligands in metal-based sensitizing dyes of dye sensitized solar cells (DSCS). The dyes comprising the polypyridine compounds exhibit improved light harvesting ability and lead to increased conversion efficiencies, in particular in thin TiO2 film devices.

Abstract: The invention relates to a photoactive device with organic layers, especially a solar cell, with a layer arrangement having an electrode and a counterelectrode as well as a sequence of organic layers arranged between the electrode and the counterelectrode, wherein two layers bordering on one another are formed in a photoactive region encompassed by the sequence of organic layers, namely, an exciton-harvesting layer (EHL) and an exciton-separating layer (ESL); in which the exciton-harvesting layer (EHL) is a mixed layer containing an organic material (A) and at least one further organic material (B), in which (i) a lowest singlet excitation state for excitons (S1A) of the organic material (A) is energetically higher than a lowest singlet excitation state for excitons (S1B) of the further organic material (B), (ii) the further organic material (B) is chosen such that it transforms singlet excitons into triplet excitons with a quantum yield of at least approximately 20%, preferably of at least approximately 50%

Abstract: The invention relates to an organic photoactive device, especially an organic photovoltaic cell, with a contact and a countercontact as well as with an organic region that is electrically connected to the contact and the countercontact, wherein a photoactive region with a photoactive bulk heterojunction or a flat heterojunction between an electron-conducting organic material and a hole-conducting organic material is formed in the organic region and wherein the hole-conducting organic material and/or the electron-conducting organic material is formed from oligomers according to any one of the following types: conjugated acceptor-donor-acceptor oligomer (A-D-A? oligomer) with an acceptor unit (A) and a further acceptor unit (A?) that are each connected to a donor unit (D), and conjugated donor-acceptor-donor oligomer (D-A-D? oligomer) with a donor unit (D) and a further donor unit (D?) that are each connected to an acceptor unit (A).

Abstract: Polythiophenes of the formula II 1

Abstract: A continuously variable transmission (1) is provided with: an endless transmission (14) for transmitting a driving torque; a clamping force (13-1, 13-2) coupled with the endless transmission (14) for applying a clamping force thereon; a controller (15) coupled with the clamping force (13) for influencing the driving torque by controlling the clamping force applied on the endless transmission (14); and a clutch (16) coupled with the controller (15), whereby the controller (15) is arranged to control the clutch such that the clutch (16) is allowed to slip continuously. The net effect of a practical implementation of the transmission in a vehicle is a fuel saving which, if a slip of around 5 rpm is permitted, amounts about 3-4%.

Abstract: A system for adjusting the gear ratio of a transmission is continuously adjusted with respect to its gear ratio and mounted downstream of the vehicle motor. Furthermore, downhill travel is detected and the adjustment of the gear ratio of the transmission is made in dependence upon the detected downhill travel. The system is are provided for adjusting the gear ratio in reaction to the detected downhill travel in such a manner that the transmission input rpm and/or the engine rpm increases in a pregiven manner. The advantage of the system is that the transition from normal operation (no downhill travel) to the downhill travel function of the system takes place at first unnoticeable for the driver because the engine rpm increases in a manner not unexpected for the driver.

Abstract: For an electro-hydraulically actuable continuously variable belt transmission, the selected contact pressure at the movable conical pulley discs must be of such a magnitude that the chain, the force transmitting belt or the like does not slip. On the other hand, the contact pressure should not be too great for a high efficiency of the transmission to be achieved at every operating point. The invention reliably prevents slippage of the belt (chain, force transmitting belt or the like) by controlling the belt slip. The mean contact pressure is thereby reduced. As a result, there is a decrease in the mechanical and hydraulic losses at the transmission. A variant of the invention includes an embodiment of a rotational-speed sensor which makes it simultaneously possible to measure the axial position of the pulley disc(s). As a result, there is a reduction in the additional complexity required for slip control compared to the belt-tension control.

Abstract: The invention is directed to a system for automatically adjusting the gear ratio of a continuously variable transmission mounted next to the motor of a vehicle. The gear ratio is adjusted with a specific speed. The essence of the invention is that a mechanism is provided which facilitates a determination of the speed of the adjustment of the gear ratio of the transmission in dependence upon detected operating parameters. With the system of the invention, an adjustment characteristic of the transmission is obtained which is comfortable for the driver of the vehicle.

Abstract: The invention relates to a method of inputting the actual transmission ratio of a continuously variable transmission (CVT=continuously variable transmission) of a vehicle, especially a passenger motor vehicle. For this method, operating points of a shift characteristic field can be assumed which lie on a characteristic line of optimized consumption of a motor characteristic field of a motor of a vehicle. In this method, also operating points of the shift characteristic field can be assumed which lie on a characteristic line of optimized power of the motor characteristic field. The trace of the characteristic line of the shift characteristic field results from the particular selected characteristic line of the motor characteristic field. It is provided that operating points of the shift characteristic field can be assumed which lie on a dynamic characteristic line (c"') of the motor characteristic field.

Abstract: A method for operating a motor vehicle such as a passenger car, which is equipped with a motor and an electronically controlled, continuously variable transmission includes the steps of: detecting a driving state defined by downhill travel; detecting the speed of the vehicle at the start of the downhill travel and storing the vehicle speed; continuously changing the transmission in such a manner that the vehicle speed is substantially maintained while utilizing the braking action of the motor thereby defining a downhill travel motor braking mode of operation; and/or, detecting possible slip at the wheels of the motor vehicle and adjusting a corresponding other, lower gear ratio continuously on the transmission so that the slip is reduced or is entirely eliminated thereby defining a slip-adjustment mode of operation; and/or, detecting if a braking operation is present and, during braking operation, continuously adjusting the transmission by changing the gear ratio to support the brakes of the motor vehicle to