Abstract: A digital data processing device includes a bus for transmitting signals (e.g., data and/or address information) between plural functional units (e.g., a central processing unit and a peripheral controller). A first such unit includes first and second processing sections that concurrently apply to the bus complementary portions of like information signals (e.g., longwords containing data). A fault detection element reads the resultant signal from the bus and compares it with at least portions of the corresponding signals originally generated by the processing sections themselves. If there is discrepancy, the fault-detector signals a fault, e.g., causing the unit to be taken off-line. By use of a redundant unit, processing can continue for fault-tolerant operation.

Abstract: A digital data processing device includes a bus for transmitting signals (e.g., data and/or address information) between plural functional units (e.g., a central processing unit and a peripheral controller). A first such unit includes first and second processing sections that concurrently apply to the bus complementary portions of like information signals (e.g., longwords containing data). A fault detection element reads the resultant signal from the bus and compares it with at least portions of the corresponding signals originally generated by the processing sections themselves. If there is discrepancy, the fault-detector signals a fault, e.g., causing the unit to be taken off-line. By use of a redundant unit, processing can continue for fault-tolerant operation.

Abstract: A computer implemented method for simulating a physical process. The method includes storing in a memory a state vector for each of a number of voxels (i.e., lattice sites). Each state vector includes a plurality of integers, each of which corresponds to a particular momentum state of a number of possible momentum states at a voxel (lattice site) and represents the number of elements having the particular momentum state. Each integer has more than two possible values. The method also includes performing interaction operations on the state vectors that model interactions between elements of different momentum states and performing move operations on the state vectors that reflect movement of elements to new voxels.