Abstract: Presented is an apparatus that includes a vehicle component that includes an outer wall that includes an internal face and at least one electro-acoustic transducer disposed on the internal face of the outer wall of the vehicle component. The at least one electro-acoustic transducer includes a pot-type housing and a piezo-electric ceramic body disposed inside the pot-type housing. The pot-type housing includes a base area affixed to the internal face of the outer wall of the vehicle component.

Abstract: Rolls of paper comprise individual layers of paper under differing degrees of tension, lying on top of each other. The aim of the invention is to measure the resulting winding tension, which varies along the radius, whereby physical interactive effects can be measured. Said aim is achieved, whereby ultrasound is irradiated in the region of the top face of the roll of paper and the resulting ultrasound recorded, after interacting with the laminated paper sheets. The interactive effects are a criterium for the winding tension. The corresponding device is an ultrasound measuring system provided with at least one ultrasound transmitter (10, 20, 30, 40, 50, 60, 70, 80, 110) and at least one ultrasound receiver (10, 20, . . . 120), which may be placed upon and moved along the top face (2) of the paper roll (1).

Abstract: The damping of membranes of ultrasound transducers in an arrangement occurs at the front side directly on the membranes by applying a polymer layer, whereby the working temperature dependent on the operating frequency of the ultrasound transducer lies within the glass transition range of the polymer layer.

Abstract: A micromechanical, capacitative ultrasound transducer having a planar membrane is adapted such for manufacturing an air gap between membrane and cooperating electrode that the membrane collapses. The width of the air gap is thereby defined by nubs located on the membrane that lie against the cooperating electrode.

Abstract: A spacer layer (7) with a cavity (8) etched out therein and a diaphragm (2) arranged thereabove on the spacer layer are located on a silicon substrate (1) with a doped region (5) formed therein, whereby the doped region and the diaphragm are electrically connected via terminal contacts (4, 6) to electronic components (13) that are likewise integrated in the substrate (1). The electronic component are a component part of the operating circuit that can also be used for the drive of the diaphragm and for evaluating the diaphragm oscillations. The integration makes it possible to arrange the micromachined transducer components as array that can be electronically driven as phased array.

Abstract: An identification of persons is conducted on the basis of the sweat gland channel structures in the horny layer of the skin of a finger. For that purpose, ultrasound waves are transmitted into the skin and the received echos are evaluated.

Abstract: In order to optimize an ultrasound measurement signal application-specifically, an error value is formed from features with which an evaluation of the received ultrasound measurement signal is possible. An ultrasound signal, whose signal shape is modified by section-by-section variation of the shape of the transmission signal is emitted out, received and an error value is formed anew. This procedure is repeated until the error value assumes a minimum. The ultrasound measurement signal at which the error value is minimal corresponds to the optimized signal.

Abstract: In a method for determining the position of an object relative to the background with ultrasound, a plurality of ultrasound transducers arranged in a row simultaneously transmit ultrasound in line-shaped fashion in the direction of an object scene and receive both the echo of the signal transmitted by the transducer itself as well as the echoes of the signals generated by the neighboring ultrasound transducers. On the basis of a reference measurement wherein no object is located in the measurement region, the amplitudes and the times of incidence of the echo signals are stored. In the following measurements with an object, the echo amplitudes and the times of incidence of the echo signals are again stored and compared by fuzzy logic to those of the reference measurement. As a result, this supplies the position of the object relative to the background.

Abstract: In a first step, an individual echo is associated with each local maxima in the received ultrasonic signal. Subsequently, characteristic features such as time position, amplitude and form factor of each respective individual echo are detected numerically for the individual echo. In a second step, the mentioned features are subjected to a fuzzy evaluation. The features form the input variables of the evaluation. A multiple echo probability for each individual echo is available as the result. With this awareness, with the aid of the a priori knowledge and with the aid of the awareness of the history, it is possible, for example, to draw conclusions concerning the filling level of the bulk material in containers in which the surface of the bulk material is at times masked for the ultrasonic beam by the stirring apparatus.