Abstract: Wavefront sensors are provided herein. An aperture mask is configured to receive incident light the wavefront of which is to be measured and comprising irregularly spaced apertures that respectively transmit sub-beams of the incident light. A diffuser is configured to receive the sub-beams transmitted by irregularly spaced apertures of the aperture mask. A camera, having a focal plane in which the diffuser substantially is located, is configured to obtain a digital image of the diffuser and thus to obtain a digital image of the incident light the sub-beams of which the aperture mask transmits onto the diffuser. A controller is configured to electronically receive the digital image of the diffuser and to measure the wavefront of the incident light based on the digital image. Methods also are provided.

Abstract: A method for provisioning a plurality of electronic devices with a respective provisioning data set includes, in a test provisioning stage: generating at least one test application key in plaintext and encrypting the at least one test application key using a first wrapping key for generating at least one encrypted test application key; encrypting the first wrapping key using the secret device master key for generating an encrypted first wrapping key; provisioning one or more of the plurality of electronic devices with a respective first provisioning data set, wherein the respective first provisioning data set comprises the at least one test application key in plaintext, the at least one encrypted test application key and the encrypted first wrapping key; and testing a security function of the electronic device on the basis of at least a portion of the first provisioning data set.

Abstract: A provisioning control apparatus is arranged to be coupled to a provisioning equipment server electrically connectable with at least one electronic device for provisioning the electronic device with security sensitive provisioning data. The electronic device includes a processor, a volatile memory and a non-volatile memory. The provisioning control apparatus has a communication interface configured to securely provide a provisioning application code to the provisioning equipment server for storing the provisioning application code in the volatile memory of the electronic device. The provisioning control apparatus includes a processor configured to trigger the processor of the electronic device to execute the provisioning application code. The provisioning application code is arranged, when being executed by the processor of the electronic device, to store the security sensitive provisioning data in the non-volatile memory of the electronic device.

Abstract: A provisioning control apparatus coupled to a provisioning equipment server electrically connectable with electronic components each comprising a security enclave and a non-volatile memory. The provisioning control apparatus includes a processor configured to encrypt the security sensitive provisioning data using a secure vault encryption key for obtaining encrypted security sensitive provisioning data. The provisioning control apparatus has a communication interface configured to securely provide the secure vault encryption key to the provisioning equipment server for storing the secure vault encryption key in the security enclave of the electronic component.

Abstract: Disclosed is a device including at least one circulating zone and at least one fluid including at least one more-paramagnetic liquid and at least one less-paramagnetic liquid forming a liquid-liquid interphase, the device including at least one element generating, in the circulating zone, a magnetic field, wherein the less-paramagnetic liquid is surrounded by the more-paramagnetic liquid in the circulating zone or wherein the more-paramagnetic liquid is surrounded by the less-paramagnetic liquid in the circulating zone. Also disclosed is a method including circulating at least one less-paramagnetic liquid inside one or more circulating zones of a device including at least one circulating zone and at least one more-paramagnetic liquid in the circulating zone.

Abstract: An apparatus is provided for generating a plurality of provisioning data sets for provisioning a plurality of electronic devices, such as chips or microprocessors for electronic equipment. The apparatus includes a processing circuitry configured to obtain a first provisioning data set for provisioning an electronic device and to generate at least one further provisioning data set for provisioning at least one further electronic device by generating at least one copy of the first provisioning data set. Furthermore, the apparatus has a communication interface configured to output the at least one further provisioning data set for provisioning the at least one further electronic device. Moreover, a corresponding method to the apparatus is provided for generating a plurality of provisioning data sets for provisioning a plurality of electronic devices.

Abstract: A method is provided for provisioning a plurality of electronic devices with a respective provisioning data set. The respective provisioning data set includes at least one respective cryptographic key. In a development provisioning stage, the method involves provisioning one or more of the plurality of electronic devices with the respective provisioning data set, wherein in the development provisioning stage, at least one respective cryptographic key has a first key entropy. In a production provisioning stage, the method also includes provisioning one or more of the plurality of electronic devices with the respective provisioning data set. In the previsioning production stage, the at least one respective cryptographic key has a second key entropy, wherein the first key entropy is smaller than the second key entropy.

Abstract: Disclosed is a device including at least one circulating zone and at least one fluid including at least one more-paramagnetic liquid and at least one less-paramagnetic liquid forming a liquid-liquid interphase, the device including at least one element generating, in the circulating zone, a magnetic field, wherein the less-paramagnetic liquid is surrounded by the more-paramagnetic liquid in the circulating zone or wherein the more-paramagnetic liquid is surrounded by the less-paramagnetic liquid in the circulating zone. Also disclosed is a method including circulating at least one less-paramagnetic liquid inside one or more circulating zones of a device including at least one circulating zone and at least one more-paramagnetic liquid in the circulating zone.

Abstract: Wide-angled incoherent millimeter or sub-millimeter electromagnetic waves from an extended active source are used to probe substrates and their protective coatings or outer layers, such as paint or thermal insulation. The incoherent waves provide dispersion and angular variation with respect to angular incidence to the substrate. Illumination of the substrate permits differentiation between un-corroded and corroded sections of the sample because reflectivity, emissivity and/or transmissivity from the substrate or protective coating various according to its homogeneousness. A detector/camera is arranged to identify and resolve differences in detected power within an observed frequency range of the area under test, with this contrast in power being relative to either adjacent areas or anticipated reference levels.

Abstract: Wide-angled incoherent millimetre or sub-millimetre electromagnetic waves from an extended active source are used to probe substrates and their protective coatings or outer layers, such as paint or thermal insulation. The incoherent waves provide dispersion and angular variation with respect to angular incidence to the substrate. Illumination of the substrate permits differentiation between un-corroded and corroded sections of the sample because reflectivity, emissivity and/or transmissivity from the substrate or protective coating various according to its homogeneousness. A detector/camera is arranged to identify and resolve differences in detected power within an observed frequency range of the area under test, with this contrast in power being relative to either adjacent areas or anticipated reference levels.

Abstract: Incoherent millimeter wave, sub-millimeter wave and terahertz test signals are used to probe metal substrates covered by a protective coating or outer layer, such as paint or thermal insulation, obscuring direct assessment of the substrate. The incoherent test signals, provide signal dispersion and angular variation of the test signals with respect to angular incidence to the substrate. Illumination of the substrate permits differentiation between un-corroded and corroded sections of the sample because reflectivity (and emissivity) from a metal-based substrate is heavily dependent on the surface resistivity which is dependent on the corroded state. A detector/camera is arranged to pick up reflections from the substrate and an associated control system identifies regions of the sample that reflect the test signal illumination differently or otherwise indicate a variation from a reference value.

Abstract: Incoherent millimeter wave, sub-millimeter wave and terahertz test signals are used to probe metal substrates that are covered by a protective coating or outer layer, such as paint or thermal insulation, obscuring direct assessment of the substrate. The incoherent test signals, which may be from a naturally occurring passive source (such as the sky) and/or from an active noise source, provide signal dispersion and angular variation of the test signals with respect to angular incidence to the substrate. Illumination of the substrate permits differentiation between un-corroded and corroded sections of the sample because reflectivity (and emissivity) from a metal-based substrate is heavily dependent on the surface resistivity which in turn is dependent on the corroded state.

Abstract: Incoherent millimetre wave, sub-millimetre wave and terahertz test signals are used to probe metal substrates covered by a protective coating or outer layer, such as paint or thermal insulation, obscuring direct assessment of the substrate. The incoherent test signals, provide signal dispersion and angular variation of the test signals with respect to angular incidence to the substrate. Illumination of the substrate permits differentiation between un-corroded and corroded sections of the sample because reflectivity (and emissivity) from a metal-based substrate is heavily dependent on the surface resistivity which is dependent on the corroded state. A detector/camera is arranged to pick up reflections from the substrate and an associated control system identifies regions of the sample that reflect the test signal illumination differently or otherwise indicate a variation from a reference value.

Abstract: Incoherent millimetre wave, sub-millimetre wave and terahertz test signals are used to probe metal substrates that are covered by a protective coating or outer layer, such as paint or thermal insulation, obscuring direct assessment of the substrate. The incoherent test signals, which may be from a naturally occurring passive source (such as the sky) and/or from an active noise source, provide signal dispersion and angular variation of the test signals with respect to angular incidence to the substrate. Illumination of the substrate permits differentiation between un-corroded and corroded sections of the sample because reflectivity (and emissivity) from a metal-based substrate is heavily dependent on the surface resistivity which in turn is dependent on the corroded state.