Abstract: An internal-combustion engine of the injection type comprises a cylinder (1) which is provided with an inlet channel (4) with inlet valve (5). An inlet tube (2) with fuel injector (3) is fixed on this inlet channel. A heating element with a heat sink (11, 12), electrical resistance means (16) and current supply means (14, 17, 18, 20) projects into the inlet channel of the cylinder. In order to avoid cold spot problems, the heating element (11 to 16) is not fitted in a thermally insulated manner, and is integrated in a plate (6) which is clamped between the inlet tube (2) and the head of the cylinder (1). The electrical resistance means (16) are provided in a chamber (11) whose top face forms part of the heat sink. A cylindrically curved wall (12) preferably connects to the chamber (11) and is connected to this plate by means of material bridges (10).

Abstract: In a new method for the titrimetric determination of the contents in a chemical solution, wherein a quantity of a reaction component, corresponding in each case to the change of a certain physical-chemical magnitude or a value derived from that, is added to a reaction component and this added quantity is so regulated that it will be a function of the prior and/or predetermined magnitude change or changes and the already added total quantity of one of the reaction components. In the method mentioned, the minimum quantity added is not allowed to fall below a predetermined percentage, e.g., 1.0 percent, or even 0.5 to 0.1 percent, of the already added quantity. The apparatus for performing the method therefore contains devices operable to regulate the quantity to be added as a function of the magnitude change and the already added total quantity of one of the reaction components. Potentiometric titration is the most important area of application of the new determination method.