Abstract: The invention relates to a method and to an assembly for writing software and/or firmware onto at least one programmable integrated circuit. According to the invention, the software and/or firmware is written wirelessly by means of RFID data transmission, the at least one programmable integrated circuit being coupled to an RFID front end by means of a wired near-field interface, the RFID front end having an RFID antenna device, and the software and/or firmware to be written being sent wirelessly from an external RFID unit to the RFID antenna device and being written onto the programmable integrated circuit by means of the RFID front end and the near-field interface.

Abstract: An apparatus and process for regenerating a liquid from a spent liquid containing sodium compounds created during kraft processing for pulping wood while simultaneously obtaining energy. Regeneration begins by gasifying said sodium compounds in a gasification reaction chamber at a temperature greater than the melting temperature of the sodium compounds and generating a gasification gas and salt melt. The gasification gas and salt melt are then directly cooled to a temperature greater than the dew point in the quenching chamber by spraying a cooling liquid which, in turn, causes gaseous condensate to form a bath in the quenching chamber which may also include water from kraft processing. The salt melt dissolves in the bath to produce an aqueous solution. This aqueous solution is then cooled and diluted with alkali liquid produced during the kraft process.

Abstract: A process and apparatus for feeding dewatered sludge into a reactor for thermal disposal, in which process and apparatus dewatered sludge with a water content of less than 85% is subjected to a temperature-pressure treatment after exiting from a thick-matter pump and prior to its atomization within a disposal reactor. In the temperature-pressure treatment the temperature is adjusted to more than 150.degree. C. and the pressure is adjusted to be equal to or greater than the water vapor/saturation pressure at these temperatures.

Abstract: A method for the thermal utilization of combustible components of waste materials of different properties and origin, independently of the degree of contamination with heavy metals and toxic organic compounds or organic chlorine-containing compounds. The waste materials are subjected to the method steps of pyrolysis, comminution, classification, gasification and gas purification in order to produce a clean gas which can be used for various purposes and as a source of energy and an elution-proof, mineral, solid residue which can be easily disposed of.

Abstract: An apparatus for gasifying pulverized coal, the apparatus comprising a housing with a granulated slag discharge opening in a bottom of the housing, and a producer gas outlet opening in a lower part of the housing; a layer of thermal insulation lining the housing; a pulverized coal burner having a discharge area in the top of the housing; a layer of heat-resistant lining located above the producer gas outlet opening; a steam injection inlet; and a plurality of ducts arranged between the heat-resistant lining and the thermal insulation and extending between the steam injection inlet to the discharge area, each of the ducts having an outlet opening arranged at a level of the discharge area and an inlet opening arranged above the steam injection means. Steam is injected into the housing and the producer gas is cooled with a plurality of cooling medium supply nozzles arranged in the housing.

Abstract: The invention relates to burners for the gasification of pulverized coal--injected in a dense phase--with steam and oxygen, and it can be employed for coal gasification in the chemical industry. Objects of the present invention are to increase the reliability in operation of the burner and to improve the quality of the gas obtained from the gasification process. The burner should be designed in such a way that a reliable operation is attained under the conditions of the gasification process (e. g. high pressures and temperatures within the gasifier). The design of the pulverized-coal feeding device, the water-cooled jacket and the swirl chamber according to the invention are described in detail.

Abstract: A method of measuring a solid matter mass flow during conveying of solid matter-gas suspensions in tubular conduits, particularly during conveying in a dense stream with high pressure, comprises the steps of changing in a pulse mode a solid matter concentration of a solid matter-gas suspension at one location of the conduit through which the suspension flows, continuously measuring a solid matter concentration of a solid matter-gas suspension or a value corresponding thereto at two measuring locations downstream of the first-mentioned changing location and spaced from one another in the conduit, determining a difference between time points at which a difference of the solid matter concentration or the corresponding value is indicated after one another at the measuring locations downstream of the first-mentioned changing location and spaced from one another, determining a per-unit-time average value of the solid matter concentration of the solid matter-gas suspension in a conduit portion corresponding to the m

Abstract: The burner is formed of a tubular housing including a central tubular passage and a boundary annular passage for feeding into the gasification reactor under high speed a carburation medium such as oxygen or steam. At least three intermediate channels of coaxial annular sections are symmetrically arranged about the central channel and each communicates with a separate inlet conduit for feeding a mixture of powderized fuel with a carrier gas. The transition between the annular intermediate channel and the tubular inlet conduits is made such that the varying outline of the cross-section encloses the same area as the tubular inlet conduit or the annular section intermediate channel. The central tubular channel and the boundary annular channel for feeding the carburation fluid is configurated so as to divert one stream of the carburation fluid at an angle of about 45.degree. toward the axially directed jet of the powderized fuel mixture.

Abstract: Dust-laden hot product gas under pressure is admitted into a vessel suspended in a water bath. It escapes through openings in the top of the vessel and the rising bubbles are intercepted by upright tubes through which they cause a flow of water to effect a turnover of the bath. This causes the gas to become cooled, dust to be scrubbed from it and the gas also to become saturated with water vapor.

Abstract: The reactor for the production of CO and H.sub.2 containing gases by means of a partial oxidation of powdery or liquid high ash fuels in a carburation fluid including free oxygen, at high temperatures and increased pressure, includes a pressure vessel enclosing a gas-tight housing whereby an interspace is formed between the inner wall of the vessel and the outer surface of the housing. Within the housing is arranged a cooling wall enclosing the reaction chamber proper. The cooling wall includes a coil of cooling pipes embedded in a mass of refractory material such as silicium carbide. The pipes are partially supported on web sections projecting from the inner surface of the housing into the refractory lining. The web sections prevent propagation of leaking hot gas from the reaction chamber along the inner surface of the housing.

Abstract: The invention concerns a method for the operation of gasification plants for pulverized fuels, wherein the pulverized fuel is reacted in a flame reaction with a gasifying agent containing free oxygen, into a combustible gas containing CO and H.sub.2. The task consists in precluding upon malfunctions in the supply of fuel, an oxygen discharge into the cooling and treatment plants, taking into consideration delays in the emergency shut-off systems and the controls for the oxygen supply.As per invention, a well-flowing additional fuel is stored in a reservoir at a pressure higher than the operating pressure of the gasification reactor. Upon malfunctions in the fuel supply, the additionally stored fuel will be transferred, within a short time, into the reaction chamber of the gasification plant. As additional well-flowing fuel combustible gas, liquid fuel or a pulverized solid fuel, also well-flowing, can be used.

Abstract: Product gas resulting from the partial oxidation of finely divided fuel in a reactor is discharged as a stream into a tube leading downwardly into a vessel containing a water bath in which the lower end of the tube is immersed. Liquid slag produced during the partial oxidation is also discharged as a solid stream within and surrounded by the stream of product gas. The tube is cooled by circulating cooling water upwardly through an annular clearance in the tube which is discharged from the annular clearance at the upper end of the tube for gravity descent as a liquid film along the inside of the tube. The slag becomes cooled and granulated on contact with the water bath and is discharged from the vessel in granulated condition. The gas escapes from the lower open tube end, travels upwardly through the water bath to become cooled thereby, and is then discharged from the vessel in cooled condition.

Abstract: Dust-like or dust containing solids are passed into a pressurized system via a lock chamber apparatus wherein a porous filter is provided separating the lock chamber into an upper space and into a lower space. Normally a pressurized gas is passed into the lower space and it is discharged from the upper space during the pressure release phase after passing through the filter. When a predetermined differential pressure is exceeded between the upper and the lower space of the lock chamber because of a clogging up of the filter the filter is cleansed by passing the pressure gas partially or totally into the upper space of the lock chamber so that it passes through that filter in the direction reverse to that during the pressure release phase.