Abstract: A microwave energy tool including a sheet beam klystron that includes a tube body for carrying an electron sheet beam that has a plurality of cavities and a magnetic solenoid wound directly on the tube body.

Abstract: The extraction of hydrocarbons from two or more wells is enhanced by creating microwave induced permeability zones between the wells, with the zones intersecting or overlapping, so that a fluid pathway is open between the wells and superheated or supercritical fluids and/or selected catalytic compounds flow through the wells and pathways to extract the hydrocarbons and the extracted hydrocarbon flows to a pump for removal from one or more of the wells. For conventional well system, the microwave can rehabilitate stripper wells and increase formational pressure in existing well fields. Porous cavities created by the microwave are suitable for carbon sequestration.

Abstract: A system of a radiating antenna and a sheet beam klystron, as a microwave source, coupled to the antenna by a short waveguide and the method of locating the antenna downhole in a well at a selected target zone by use of a dual chamber flexible tube and applying power to the source to heat and fracture the rock in the target zone and created a migrating phase boundary that radiates out from the antenna 25 meters or more to release the hydrocarbons in the rock.

Abstract: Hydrocarbons are extracted from a target formation, such as oil shale, tar sands, heavy oil and petroleum reservoirs, by apparatus and methods which cause fracturing of the containment rock and liquification or volatization of the hydrocarbons by microwave energy directed by a radiating antenna in the target formation.

Abstract: Hydrocarbons are extracted from a target formation, such as oil shale, tar sands, heavy oil and petroleum reservoirs, by apparatus and methods which cause fracturing of the containment rock and liquification or volatization of the hydrocarbons by microwave energy directed by a radiating antenna in the target formation.