Abstract: The invention relates to a bar-type supporting structure for forming a frame, comprising a plurality of nodes and bars connecting the nodes, wherein each bar comprises at least one recess extending in the longitudinal direction of the bar, wherein the respective recess continues right into the node.

Abstract: An electroslag remelting furnace includes a liquid-cooled, open-ended mold supported by a bottom plate of high electric conductivity, for instance, formed of copper, which closes the mold at one of its ends. The mold has a plane of symmetry which contains a mold axis. At least one conductor connects at least one terminal located at the bottom plate to a source of electric current. Furthermore, the mold has a normal plane extending normally with respect to the symmetry plane which contains the mold axis. The electric conductor extends from a marginal zone on one side of the bottom plate to the terminal on the other side of the bottom plate beyond the normal plane.

Abstract: A process for producing seamless tubes of austenitic steels is disclosed. A metallic melt is continuously poured into a cooled mold having a round molding cavity. The as yet fully unsolidified extracted billet is electromagnetically agitated in a direction about its longitudinal axis. Once hardened, the billet is cross cut, and the castings are subjected to annealing at a temperature between 1100.degree. C. and 1250.degree. C. (preferably between 1150.degree. C. and 1200.degree. C.) for between 30 minutes and 4 hours (preferably between 1 hour and 2 hours). The castings are allowed to cool, are machined into extrusion blooms and the seamless tubes produced by extrusion of the blooms.

Abstract: A method of and apparatus for producing consumable electrodes with large diameters to be used for remelting involves assembling the electrode of individual longitudinal parts adjacently arranged. Which longitudinal parts are continuously cast in special moulds as strands having polygonal cross sections. The parts are assembled so as to form a polygonal overall cross section, and their end faces are welded together with a common gripping head for the electrode holding device.

Abstract: In a method of and apparatus for producing ingots of unalloyed and alloyed steels having an improved primary crystallization, reduced ingot segregation and a reduced content of non-metallic inclusions, molten steel is poured into a mould, a slag mixture is supplied onto said steel, energy is supplied to the slag mixture while the steel is solidifying in the mould, and the upper rim zone of the molten steel bordering on the slag mixture is cooled.

Abstract: In a method of producing ingots of unalloyed and alloyed steels having an improved primary crystallization, reduced ingot segregation and a reduced content of non-metallic inclusions, liquid steel is poured into a mould in an amount substantially approximately equal to the desired weight of the ingot to be obtained, slag is applied to the steel and energy is supplied to the already melted slag to maintain the liquid core zone of the slag at a high temperature, while the walls laterally confining the slag are cooled to create and maintain a layer of solid slag in that area, the energy supply to the slag is effected by resistance heating by means of at least one consumable electrode having a chemical composition identical or similar to that of the ingot, and the quantitative composition of the at least one consumable electrode is selected in a manner as to obtain a concentration of segregating elements in the amount of steel melted off per time unit that is lower by that amount in which the concentration of seg

Abstract: In a method of and apparatus for producing ingots of unalloyed and alloyed steels having an improved primary crystallization, reduced ingot segregation and a reduced content of non-metallic inclusions, molten steel is poured into a mould, a slag mixture is supplied onto said steel, energy is supplied to the slag mixture while the steel is solidifying in the mould, and the upper rim zone of the molten steel bordering on the slag mixture is cooled.

Abstract: In a method of and apparatus for producing ingots of unalloyed and alloyed steels having an improved primary crystallization, reduced ingot segregation and a reduced content of non-metallic inclusions, molten steel is poured into a mould, a slag mixture is supplied onto said steel, and energy is supplied to the slag mixture via at least one consumable electrode while the steel is solidifying. The slag mixture has a certain height corresponding at most to the relationship 0.15 (A + 100), wherein A is the shortest distance between the inner mould wall and the at least one consumable electrode, given in cm and amounting to at least 5 cm. Also, at least one consumable electrode has dimensions such that the ratio of the electrode cross-sectional area(s) to the mould cross-sectional area amounts to 1:10 at most.