Abstract: A viscosity measuring method and viscometer device for remotely determining viscosity of fluids within an enclosed container. The viscometer device comprises a vertically-oriented tubular probe which contains a tube enclosed by multiple adjacent electromagnetic coils, and the tube contains a movable magnetizable core-float member. When measuring viscosity of a fluid, the movable core-float member is first magnetically lifted to the upper end of the tube by sequential energizing and deenergizing of the electromagnetic coils, then the core-float is allowed to fall freely through the fluid to the lower end of the tube. The fluid viscosity is determined by the elapsed time for the core-float to fall through the fluid. The viscosity measuring method and viscometer device is particularly useful inside a reactor containing fluid and operated at high pressure and temperature conditions.

Abstract: Improved method for maximizing jet fuel from shale oil involves hydrotreating the treated oil at a temperature of about 600.degree.-650.degree. F. in the presence of a catalyst having a relatively low metal content and then hydrotreating the oil at a temperature in excess of about 800.degree. F. in the presence of a catalyst having a relatively high metal content. A 480.degree. F. minus boiling point fraction fractionated from the foregoing process can meet JP-4 jet fuel specifications. Hydrocracking the 480.degree. F. plus boiling point fraction results in substantial additional quantities of jet fuel.

Abstract: A process for conveniently transporting particulate coal and crude oil together as a slurry through a pipeline. The coal, having particle size of 20-350 mesh size range, is added to the oil in sufficient amount to form a transportable coal-oil slurry. The slurry is maintained at sufficient velocity and turbulence in the pipeline to prevent solids settling, and also at sufficient pressure, temperature, and time conditions to liquify at least 5 weight percent of the coal. Also, when the sulfur content of the coal used is less than the oil, the sulfur content of the delivered oil portion is reduced during its transit through the pipeline. At its destination, the oil portion can be separated from the slurry and passed to refining operations, while the coal along with some contained heavy oil can be either liquefied to produce hydrocarbon liquid fuel products, or burned as fuel in a power plant.

Abstract: Sulfur compounds contained in fuel gases produced from the gasification of coal or petroleum residua area removed at about 1600.degree. F temperature by contacting the gas with an absorbent material comprising a strong, macroporous particulate solid support containing molten metal carbonate, such as potassium carbonate, within its pores. Following such contacting and reaction of the sulfur compounds in the hot gas with the supported metal carbonate absorbent, it is regenerated by being contacted at high temperatures with steam and CO.sub.2 to remove the sulfur, which is recovered as H.sub.2 S. The metal carbonate absorbent material is reused by again contacting it with the hot fuel gas for sulfur removal, after which the sulfur-free fuel gas is burned in a combustion process such as a gas turbine to produce power.

Abstract: Sulfur compounds contained in fuel gases produced from the gasification of coal or petroleum residua are removed at above about 1600.degree.F temperature by contacting the gas with an absorbent material comprising a strong, macroporous particulate solid support containing molten metal carbonate, such as potassium carbonate, within its pores. Following such contacting and reaction of the sulfur compounds in the hot gas with the supported metal carbonate absorbent, it is regenerated by being contacted at high temperatures with steam and CO.sub.2 to remove the sulfur, which is recovered as H.sub.2 S. The metal carbonate absorbent material is reused by again contacting it with the hot fuel gas for sulfur removal, after which the sulfur-free fuel gas is burned in a combustion process such as a gas turbine to produce power.

Abstract: Carbon black is recovered from vulcanized waste rubber such as automobile tires or other articles by reacting pieces of the rubber with an aromatic oil solvent in a stirred reactor at 500.degree.-700.degree.F temperature and about 25-100 psig pressure for 0.5-2 hours residence time. The resulting solids-liquid mixture is processed to remove solids, and the resulting solid product is then dried, screened and chemically treated to recover the carbon black in dry powder form. The remaining solvent oil is also recovered and a portion reused in the process.