Abstract: In a magneto-optical sensor with −/+ intensity norming, the temperature-coefficient-compensated output signal (S) is obtained by formation of a quotient of the alternating portion (PAC) of the intensity-normed signal (P) and a function (f(PDC, PACeff)), determined by a calibration measurement, of a direct portion (PDC) of the intensity-normed signal (P) and of a root-mean-square value (PACeff) of the alternating portion (PAC). A corresponding method for sensors with AC/DC intensity norming is indicated.

Abstract: The inventive method employs the −/+ division for intensity norming but forms the quotient from the signal difference and the signal sum not from component signals (L1, L2) generated by the sensor but—inventively —with signals (L1′, L2′) derived therefrom that exhibit periodically fluctuating intensity parts (I1′AC, I2′AC) of the same amplitude amount (|A|). The invention largely unites the advantages of −/+ division with those of AC/DC division.

Abstract: Polarized measuring light propagates through a sensor device and is then split into two differently linearly polarized partial light signals. An intensity-normalized measuring signal is derived from the two partial light signals and their direct components.

Abstract: Linearly polarized measuring light is split after traversing a Faraday sensor device into two partial light signals having planes of polarization inclined at 45.degree.. A measured signal, which is proportional to the tangent of the Faraday rotation angle, is derived from the two partial light signals.

Abstract: A method for temperature calibration of an optical magnetic field measurement array and a measurement array calibrated by the method include an optical series circuit having a first optical transmission path, a first polarizer, a Faraday sensor device, a second polarizer, and a second optical transmission path. The optical series circuit is temperature-calibrated by adjusting the polarizer angles of the two polarizers in a special way. The calibration method functions even if the intrinsic axis of the linear double refraction in the sensor device is unknown.

Abstract: Two light signals pass, in opposite directions, through a series circuit comprising a first optical fiber, a first polarizer, a Faraday sensor device, a second polarizer and a second optical fiber. To set the working point, additionally, the planes of polarization of both light signals are reciprocally rotated by a predetermined angle of rotation by rotation means between the two polarizers. From light intensities of the two light signals, after passing through the series circuit, a measuring signal is determined which is independent of vibrations and bending influences in the optical fibers.

Abstract: Two light signals pass through a series connection of a first multimode optical fiber, a first polarizer, a Faraday sensor device, a second polarizer an a second multimode optical fiber in opposite directions. The polarization axes of the two polarizers are set at a polarizer angle .eta. or .theta. to the natural axis of the linear birefringence in the sensor device with cos(2.eta.+2.theta.)=-2/3. The measuring signal is derived as the quotient of two linear functions of the light intensities of the two light signals after passing through the series connection.

Abstract: Polarized measuring light is coupled into a sensor device and, after passing through the sensor device, is decomposed in an analyzer into two differently, linearly polarized partial light signals. The corresponding electric intensity signals are intensity-normalized by dividing their respective AC signal component by their respective DC signal component. From the two intensity-normalized signals S1 and S2, a temperature-compensated measured signal M is derived in accordance with the two equations S1=f1(T)*M and S2=f2(T)*M. The functions f1(T) and f2(T) are predetermined by particular linear, quadratic, or exponential fit-functions of the temperature T. In particular, in the case of linear fit-functions f1(T) and f2(T), the measured signal is yielded as M=A*S1+B*S2.

Abstract: Linearly polarized measuring light is broken down into two differently polarized component light signals in an analyzer after passing through a Faraday sensor device. The intensity of the corresponding electric intensity signals is normalized by dividing the respective alternating signal component by the respective direct signal component. From the two normalized intensity signals S1 and S2, a measuring signal is derived according to the formula:S=(2.multidot.S1.multidot.S2)/((S2-S1)+K.multidot.(S1+S2))where cos(2.theta.+2.eta.)=-2/(3K) and sin(2.theta.-2.eta.)=1 are valid for a correction factor K, an injection angle .eta. between the plane of polarization of the injected measuring light to a natural axis of the linear birefringence in the sensor device and a exit angle .theta. between this natural axis and a natural axis of the analyzer.

Abstract: Method and system for measuring an electric current in a current conductor, two opposing light signals are transmitted through a Faraday element surrounding the current conductor and, after the passage through the Faraday element, are split, respectively, into two partial light signals. From these partial light signals, an intensity-normalized signal is derived for each partial light signal. Provision is made of a Faraday element having a negligible circular birefringence, and a signal processing unit for deriving a vibration-independent and temperature-independent measured signal.

Abstract: A polarized measuring light is provided to a sensing means under the influence of an alternating electrical quantity, the polarization of the measuring light changing as a function of the alternating electrical quantity. After passing through the sensing means, the measuring light is split into two differently polarized partial light signals, which are then converted into electrical intensity signals S1 and S2. An intensity-normalized signal P=(S1-S2)/(S1+S2) is then formed. A temperature-compensated measured signal can then be derived from the alternating signal component PAC and the direct signal component PDC of the intensity-normalized signal according to the equation S=(a*PAC+b*1)/(c*PDC+d*1). The temperature sensitivity can thus be reduced by a factor of ten.

Abstract: A sprayer for dispensing fibrinogen and thrombin to form fibrin glue immediately away from the sprayer to prevent clogging and insure accurate precise metering. The sprayer includes a pistol grip area, a barrel and a trigger which moves a plunger support that captures the plunger of a syringe. One syringe holds thrombin and the other syringe holds fibrinogen. Each syringe communicates with an outlet having an atomizer.