Abstract: The present apparatus includes a rotating table which is loaded with removable carriers, each of which holds a substrate to be coated. The carriers are advanced to a loading position and are pushed from the table thereat into a hollow cylinder. Each carrier has a pair of O-rings on its periphery which are squeezed against the inside surface of the cylinder to effect a double seal. Each carrier pushes the carrier ahead of it up through the cylinder in a train like fashion. Along the cylinder there are vacuum stations which act to pump down and degas the substrates. Apertures are provided in the vacuum stations and these apertures are formed to permit the O-rings to expand as the carriers pass by the apertures without causing the O-rings to be cut or scored. Within a vacuum chamber there is included a vapor trap which helps remove water vapor from the substrates during the degassing operation.

Abstract: The present device is an overlay member, such as a glass piece, which permits a viewer to see, for instance a work of art, without being distracted by reflected images emanating from the overlay or glass surface. The present overlay has a base member having rough surfaces on both sides and has a coating, or plurality of layers of anti-reflection material such as silicon dioxide and titanium dioxide, which is arranged to reduce image reflection, from the surface, by light interference. The rough surfaces of the base member substantially disperse the reflecting light, which does occur after the reduction by the anti-reflection coating, so that the viewer sees no image reflection.

Abstract: The present device comprises, in a preferred embodiment, a permanent magnet assembly which is formed to closely resemble a doughnut with the inside surface defining an aperture having first and second ends. Said inside surface is formed concave to substantially resemble the letter "C", or a mirror image letter "C". The permanent magnet provides magnetic flux from one end of the "C" to the other and hence the magnetic flux lines, or the magnetic flux field, form, in conjunction with the concave letter "C" configuration of the permanent magnet, an enclosure. Within the enclosure there is located an anode, and the anode is shielded from electrons by the magnetic flux field. In one embodiment, in close proximity to the second end of said aperture of the permanent magnet piece there is located a cathode, while at said first end of the aperture there is located a screen. In another embodiment, which is used for sputtering, there is no screen employed.